Articulations

What are the classifications of joints?

- Fibrous

- Cartilaginous

- Synovial

What is another name for fibrous joints?

Synarthroses

Describe how fibrous joints fit together

Very closely, allows only limited or no movement

What are the three subgroups of fibrous joints?

- Syndemoses

- Sutures

- Gomphoses

What are syndemoses?

Ligaments that connect two bones, allow some movement

What is a suture?

Teethlike projections that connect two bones

What are gomphoses?

Form between teeth and alveolar processes of mandible or maxilla

What is another name for cartilaginous joints?

Amphiarthroses

What are the main types of amphiarthroses?

- Synchondroses

- Symphyses

What are synchondroses?

- Have hyaline cartilage between bones

What are symphyses?

Pad/disk of fibrocartilage connecting two bones

What is another name for synovial joints?

Diarthroses

What are the structures of a synovial joint?

- Joint capsule

- Synovial membrane

- Articular Cartilage

- Joint Cavity

- Menisci

- Ligaments

- Bursae

What are the main groups of synovial joints?

- Monoaxial

- Biaxial

- Multiaxial

What are monoaxial joints?

Permit movement around one axis & plane

What are examples of monoaxial joints?

- Hinge & Pivot joints

- Knee & elbow

What are biaxial joints?

Permit movement around two perpendicular axes & planes

What are two biaxial joints?

- Saddle

- Condyloid (ellipsoidal)

Where is the saddle joint found?

Thumb

Where is the condyloid joint found?

- Between radius & carpals

- Atlas & Occipital Bone

What are multiaxial joints?

Permit movement around three or more axes & planes

What are examples of multiaxial joints?

- Ball & Socket

- Gliding

What is another name for ball & socket joints?

Spheroid joints

Describe ball & socket joints

- Most moveable

- Found in hips & shoulders

What are gliding joints?

Relatively flat articulating surfaces that allow limited gliding movement along various axes; least moveable joint

What are examples of gliding joints?

- Wrists

- Ankles

- Vertebrae

What are the types of synovial joint movement?

- Angular

- Circular

- Gliding

- Spinal

What are angular movements?

- Flexion & Extension

- Hyperextension

- Plantar Flexion & Dorsiflexion

- Abduction (away) & Adduction (towards)

What are circular movements?

- Rotation

- Circumduction

- Supination

- Pronation

What is a rotation?

Pivoting a bone on its axis

What is a circumduction?

Distal end moves in a circle

What is a supination & pronation?

Palm up; flip hand

What are gliding movements?

movement in:

- Ankle

- Wrist

- Vertebrae

What are spinal movements?

- Inversion

- Protraction/Retraction

- Elevation/Depression

- Opposition

What is an inversion?

Turning sole of feet in/out

What is a protraction/retraction?

Jaw out or in

What is an elevation/depression?

Opening/closing mouth

What is an opposition?

Thumb to tip of another finger