Histology/Pathology: Pathologies of the Stratified Epithelium

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23 Terms

1
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What is pseudostratified columnar epithelium and where is it found?

  • one layer of nonuniform cells

  • all cells are in contact with the basal membrane

  • found in the trachea, bronchi, and Eustachian tubes

<ul><li><p>one layer of nonuniform cells</p></li><li><p>all cells are in contact with the basal membrane</p></li><li><p>found in the <strong>trachea, bronchi, and Eustachian tubes</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
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What are cilia?

  • elongated, motile structures that are longer than microvilli

  • Core is composed of microtubules, which are inserted into basal bodies

  • Basal cells are short, located in the basal membrane, and do not reach the lumen

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What is the function of cilia?

aids in transport of material along the surface of cells, such as moving mucus and particulate matter out of the respiratory tract

4
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What is bronchitis?

  • associated with pseudostratified columnar epithelium

  • inflammation of bronchial tubes

  • Can be acute or chronic

5
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What causes bronchitis?

  • cigarette smoking (leading cause)

  • infection (virus, bacteria)

  • exposure to irritants (inhalation of chemical pollutants or dust)

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What are the histological features of bronchitis?

  • Hyperplasia, loss of cilia

  • pseudostratified epithelium is replaced by squamous epithelium

<ul><li><p><strong>Hyperplasia</strong>, loss of cilia</p></li><li><p>pseudostratified epithelium is replaced by <strong>squamous epithelium</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
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What is stratified cuboidal epithelium?

  • lines the ducts of glands - salivary

  • uncommon type of epithelium, has very limited distribution

<ul><li><p>lines the ducts of glands - salivary</p></li><li><p>uncommon type of epithelium, has very limited distribution</p><p></p></li></ul><p></p>
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What is Sialadenitis?

  • associated with stratified cuboidal epithelium

  • a clinical condition resulting from the blockage of a duct, so saliva can not exit into the mouth

  • salivary stone (calculi), which forms from salts in the saliva

    • patient will feel pain when chewing food and swelling before mealtime

<ul><li><p>associated with <strong>stratified cuboidal epithelium</strong></p></li><li><p>a clinical condition resulting from the blockage of a duct, so saliva can not exit into the mouth</p></li><li><p>salivary stone <strong>(calculi)</strong>, which forms from salts in the saliva</p><ul><li><p>patient will feel pain when chewing food and swelling before mealtime</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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What is stratified columnar epithelium?

  • 2-3 layers of columnar cells

  • posterior side of eyelid, in contact with surface of eyeball

<ul><li><p>2-3 layers of columnar cells</p></li><li><p>posterior side of eyelid, in contact with surface of eyeball</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What is Trachoma?

  • associated with stratified columnar epithelium

  • chronic contagious conjunctivitis characterized by inflammatory granulation on the epithelium surface caused by Chlamydia Trachomatis

  • eyelash deformities

<ul><li><p>associated with <strong>stratified columnar epithelium</strong></p></li><li><p>chronic contagious conjunctivitis characterized by inflammatory granulation on the epithelium surface caused by <strong>Chlamydia Trachomatis</strong></p></li><li><p>eyelash deformities</p></li></ul><p></p>
11
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What are the symptoms of Trachoma?

tearing, discharge, photophobia, pain, and swelling of the eyelids

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What is Transitional Epithelium?

  • can change shape to accommodate a volume change in the organ it lines

  • 4-6 layers of dome-shaped cuboidal cells in its relaxed state

  • each surface cell appears umbrella shaped

  • found in bladder, major calcyes, and uterus

  • Also known as urothelium

  • When stretched, top layer dome-shaped cells become flat/squamous and epithelium becomes thin

<ul><li><p><strong>can change shape</strong> to accommodate a volume change in the organ it lines</p></li><li><p>4-6 layers of dome-shaped cuboidal cells in its relaxed state</p></li><li><p>each surface cell appears umbrella shaped</p></li><li><p>found in <strong>bladder, major calcyes, and uterus</strong></p></li><li><p>Also known as <strong>urothelium</strong></p></li><li><p>When stretched, top layer dome-shaped cells become <strong>flat/squamous </strong>and epithelium becomes <strong>thin</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
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What is urothelial carcinoma?

  • associated with transitional epithelium

  • characterized by hematuria and papillary morphogy

    • low and high grade depending on cytologic features and amount of disorder present

  • Cancer of the bladder

<ul><li><p>associated with <strong>transitional epithelium</strong></p></li><li><p>characterized by <strong>hematuria and papillary morphogy</strong></p><ul><li><p>low and high grade depending on cytologic features and amount of disorder present</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Cancer of the <strong>bladder</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
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What are the risks for urothelial carcinoma and who is it most common in?

  • cigarette smoking, exposure to radiation, infection by parasite schistosoma haematubium

  • most prevalent in older men, but any age may occur

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What are the symptoms of urothelial carcinoma?

painless gross hematuria, frequency, urgency, and dysuria

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What is stratified squamous epithelium?

  • the skin

  • layers: epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer/hypodermis

<ul><li><p>the skin</p></li><li><p>layers: epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer/hypodermis</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Where is keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

  • found in the skin

  • layers: epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer/hypodermis

  • thick skin: palms and soles

  • thin skin: most other surfaces

<ul><li><p>found in the skin</p></li><li><p>layers: epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer/hypodermis</p></li><li><p><strong>thick skin: </strong>palms and soles</p></li><li><p><strong>thin skin:</strong> most other surfaces</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What is the epidermis and dermis?

  • Epidermis: stratified squamous epithelium

  • Dermis: connective tissue

<ul><li><p>Epidermis: stratified squamous epithelium</p></li><li><p>Dermis: connective tissue</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What is the top layer of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium consisted of?

Corneocytes (dead cells) which lack nuclei

<p>Corneocytes (dead cells) which lack nuclei</p><p></p>
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What is Psoriasis?

  • associated with stratified squamous epithelium

  • a common chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by pink to salmon colored plaques with silver scales and sharp margins

  • an autoimmune chronic inflammatory condition of the skin characterized by  the formation of fluid filled blisters

  • microabcesses

<p></p><ul><li><p>associated with <strong>stratified squamous epithelium</strong></p></li><li><p>a common chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by pink to salmon colored plaques with silver scales and sharp margins</p></li><li><p>an autoimmune chronic inflammatory condition of the skin characterized by&nbsp; the formation of fluid filled blisters</p></li><li><p>microabcesses</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What are the symptoms of psoriasis?

  • itching

  • joint pain

  • nail pitting (peeling back)

  • nail discoloration

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What is bullous pemphigoid?

a rare, autoimmune skin condition characterized by fluid-filled blisters (bulla)

  • caused by radiation exposure, medication, and vaccinations

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What is the histology of BP?

separation of epidermis at the subepidermal interface

<p>separation of epidermis at the subepidermal interface</p>