COVID-19 Lecture Notes

Flashcards about COVID-19 based on lecture notes.

COVID-19

A disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that emerged in late 2019, leading to a global pandemic.

SARS-CoV-2

A betacoronavirus that uses ACE2 for cell entry and is the causative agent of COVID-19.

COVID-19 Variants

Variants of SARS-CoV-2, like Alpha, Delta, and Omicron, that exhibit different transmissibility and immune evasion.

Endemic Status

The stage where COVID-19 transitions to being consistently present but with predictable patterns.

Clinical Spectrum of COVID-19

A range of presentations of COVID-19 from no symptoms to severe respiratory distress.

Common COVID-19 Symptoms

Symptoms like nasal congestion, cough, sore throat, and fatigue that are early signs of COVID-19.

Mild COVID-19

The classification of COVID-19 with no hypoxia or abnormal chest imaging.

Moderate COVID-19

COVID-19 with lower respiratory symptoms and SpO2 ≥ 94%.

Severe COVID-19

COVID-19 with SpO2 < 94%, >50% lung involvement, or tachypnea.

Critical COVID-19

COVID-19 with respiratory failure, septic shock, or multiorgan dysfunction.

Risk Factors for Severe COVID-19

Factors such as advanced age, immunocompromised states, and comorbidities that increase the risk of severe COVID-19.

ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)

Significant complication of severe COVID-19 cases.

Long COVID

Symptoms that persist beyond 4 weeks after the initial COVID-19 infection.

NAAT (RT-PCR)

Molecular tests like RT-PCR used to diagnose COVID-19 due to high sensitivity.

Antigen Tests

Tests that provide rapid results and are useful in community settings for COVID-19 detection.

Early Treatment

Early administration is important for COVID-19 therapeutics in high-risk outpatients.

Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid)

Antiviral options for COVID-19 treatment include Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.

COVID-19 Vaccines

Vaccines based on different technologies such as mRNA and protein-based.

Vaccination

Key preventive measure for reducing severe COVID-19 disease and mortality.