21st Century Employment Law

The flashcards cover key concepts and laws related to employment law in the United States.

14th Amendment

Contains the Equal Protection Clause which requires states to provide equal protection under the law to all persons.

5th Amendment

Includes the Due Process Clause, which protects individuals from being deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

Equal Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

A federal agency responsible for enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate against a job applicant or an employee.

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) of 1967

Protects individuals who are 40 years of age or older from employment discrimination based on age.

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990

Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs.

Rational Basis Analysis

A standard of review used by courts to evaluate laws that are challenged for discrimination, typically applied to age, disability, and mental illness.

Exacting Scrutiny

A standard used by courts to evaluate laws that may limit personal rights based on sex, citizenship, and sexual orientation.

Strict Scrutiny

The highest standard of review used by courts to evaluate laws or actions that affect fundamental rights or involve suspect classifications like race and ethnicity.

Employment Practices

Includes hiring, compensation, promotion, assignment, termination, and working conditions.