Section 1 EMT test

While transporting a stable patient with chest pain to the hospital, you come across a major motor vehicle crash involving several critically injured patients. You should:

continue transporting your patient and notify the dispatcher of the crash.

While transporting a women with diabetes, you inadvertently give her oral glucose even though her blood glucose level was high. You reassess the patient and note that her condition did not change; she remained stable. You should:

contact medical control and notify them of the error

A patient regains consciousness en route from his office to the emergency department. The patient tells you that he feels fine and does not want to go to the hospital. Under these circumstances, you should:

asses whether the patients mental condition is impaired.

In many states, a minor may be treated as an adult for the purpose of consenting to or refusing medical treatment if the minor

is self- supporting and lives by him or herself

In the eyes of the courts, an incomplete or untidy patient care form indicates:

inadequate patient care was administered

Shortly after you load your patient, a 50 year old man with abdominal pain into the ambulance, he tells you that he changed his mind and does not want to go to the hospital. The patient is conscious and alert and has no signs of mental incapacitation. You are suspicious that the man has significant underlying condition and feel strongly that he should go to the hospital. which of the following statements regarding this situation is correct?

A mentally competent adult can withdraw his or her consent to treat at any time.

To minimize the risk of litigation, the EMT should:

provide competent care that meets current standards

When caring for a 65- year old male with respiratory distress, you place him in a comfortable position but do not apply oxygen. The patients condition continues to deteriorate and he develops cardiac arrest and dies at the hospital. This scenario is an example of:

negligence

When you and your partner arrive at the residence of a man in cardiac arrest, you immediately recognize the patient as the drunk driver who killed your brother several years earlier. A backup ambulance is en route to the scene. You should:

begin two- rescuer CPR and apply the AED as soon as possible

A patients refusal of EMS treatment and/or transport must be:

an informed refusal

Information included in the radio report to the receiving hospital should include all of the following EXCEPT:

your perception of the severity of the problem

The official transfer of patient care does not occur until the EMT:

gives an oral report to the emergency room physician or nurse.

You are caring for a 52 year old man who complains of chest discomfort. the patient is a retired paramedic and is very anxious because he thinks he is having a heart attach. Which of the following statements would be appropriate?

"It is possible that you are having a heart attack. I am going to give you four baby aspirin to chew and swallow."

You are dispatched to the residence of an Asian family for a child with a high fever. When you assess the child, you note that he has numerous red marks on his back. The childs parents explain that these marks represent coining - a traditional Asian healing practice in which hot coins are rubbed on the back. You should:

document this finding on your patient care report and advise the emergency department staff of what the child's parents told you

In relation to the wrist, the elbow is:

proximal

activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated by the:

somatic nervous system

All critical life functions are coordinated in which part of the brain?

Brain stem

Anterior to the knee is a specialized bone called the:

patella

as the bronchus divides into the smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the:

alveoli

At rest, the normal adult heart rate should not exceed:

100 beats/min

Signs of adequate breathing in the adult include all of the following, EXCEPT:

a reduction in tidal volume

The _____ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis.

sacrum

The artery that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the:

dorsalis pedis

The average adult has approximately ______ of blood in his or her vascular system.

5- 6L

The body's backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood, is called the

hypoxic drive

The bones of the forearm are called the

radius and ulna

The bony prominence of the lateral/ superior aspect of the thigh is called the

iliac crest

The circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the calls current needs is called:

perfusion

An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because

the occiput is proportionally large and the trachea is flexible

At what age does separation anxiety typically peek in infants and small children

10 to 18 months

Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

decreased residual volumn

In late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air:

increases which hampers diffusion of gases because of the stagnant air that remains in the alveoli

the anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of:

9 to 18 months

The decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is MOST often related to

atherosclerosis

Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9- month- old infant?

places objects in the mouth, pulls his or herself up

Why does the incidence of diabetes mellifluous increases with age?

decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production

You are assessing 13- month- old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will most likely find that she:

responds to her name but is fearful of your presence

The direct carry is used to transfer a patient:

from a bed to the ambulance stretcher

An 81- year- old female fell and struck her head. you find the patient lying on her left side. She is conscious and complains of neck and upper back pain. As you are assessing her, you note that she has a severely kyphotic spine. What is the MOST appropriate method of immobilizing this patient?

leave her on her side and use blanket rolls to immobilize her to the long board

An unrestrained patient is sitting in his car after an automobile crash. He is conscious and alert, has no visible trauma, and is complaining of neck and back pain. Before removing him from his car, you should:

apply a cervical collar and immobilize him with a vest- style device

In most instances, you should move a patient on a wheeled ambulance stretcher by:

pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot

Situations in which you should use the rapid extrication technique include all of the following EXCEPT:

a patient who can be properly assessed while still in the vehicle

When preforming the rapid extrication technique to remove a patient from his or her vehicle, you should:

apply a cervical collar and remove a patient on a longboard

Which is the MOST appropriate method to use when moving a patient from his or her bed to a wheeled stretcher?

Draw sheet method

Which of the following statements regarding the scoop stretcher is NOT correct?

A scoop stretcher will provide adequate immobilization of a patient's spinal column

Which of the following components are needed to prove negligence?

Duty to act, breach of duty, injury/ damages, and causation

Which type of consent is involved when a 39-year-old mentally competent female with a severe headache asks you to take her to the hospital?

Expressed

As you are wheeling your patient through the emergency department doors, you receive another call for a major vehicle crash. You should:

respond only after giving a verbal patient report to a nurse of physician

Communicating with patients who are deaf or hard-of-hearing can be facilitated by doing all of the following EXCEPT:

elevating the tone of your voice and exaggerating word pronunciation.

Which of the following statements is NOT appropriate to document in the narrative section of a PCR

"general impression revealed that the patient was intoxicated"

An intoxicated 40-year-old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body's position?

Prone

EMTs should have a strong working knowledge of medical terminology in order to:

communicate effectively with other members of the health care team.

In relation to the chest, the back is:

posterior

You are transporting a 67-year-old female patient to the hospital for investigation of abdominal pain. The patient care record indicates that the patient has a history of AAA. Based on this information, the patient care record includes an abbreviation for:

abdominal aortic aneurysm

A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause?

Obstructive

The central nervous system is composed of the:

Brain and spinal cord

What happens when blood volume is lost from the body?

The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

To transport a mature egg to the uterus

Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities

Endocrine

Diastolic blood pressure tends to _____________ with age.

increase

Which of the following conditions or situations presents the MOST unique challenge to the EMT when immobilizing an elderly patient on a long backboard

abnormal spinal curvature

You are attending to a 26-year-old female who is 34 weeks pregnant with her first child. Your patient has been having lower abdominal pains and cramping for the past two hours. In placing your patient on the stretcher and preparing for transporting, you should place her:

on her left side.

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The driver, a young man, is severely entrapped in his car. He has an open head injury and massive facial trauma. He is unresponsive, is not breathing, and does not have a palpable carotid pulse. You should:

have your partner check for a pulse to confirm that the patient is deceased.

You arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle-versus-pedestrian accident. The patient, a 13-year-old male, is unconscious and has multiple injuries. As you are treating the child, a law enforcement officer advises you that the child's parents will be at the scene in approximately 15 minutes. What should you do?

Transport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital

You respond to the home of a 59-year-old man who is unconscious; has slow, shallow breathing; and has a weak pulse. The family states that the patient has terminal brain cancer and does not wish to be resuscitated. They further state that there is a DNR order for this patient, but they are unable to locate it. You should:

begin treatment and contact medical control as needed.

When providing a patient report via radio, you should protect the patient's privacy by:

not disclosing his or her name

Which of the following incidents does NOT require a report to be filled with local authorities

Cardiac arrest

A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" in this measurement represents:

ventricular contraction

Twelve pairs of ribs attach to attach to which section of the spinal column?

Thoracic

Which of the following organs is NOT part of the digestive system?

gallbladder

You and your partner enter the residence of an elderly couple, both of whom are found unconscious in their bed. There is no evidence of trauma. As you begin your assessment, you and your partner notice the smell of natural gas in the residence. Which of the following should be your MOST appropriate action?

Rapidly remove the patients from their residence using a blanket or clothes drag.

As an EMT, the standards of emergency care are often partially based on:

It is difficult to prove actions were preformed if they are not included on the report.

In which of the following circumstances can the EMT legally release confidential patient information?

The patient is competent and signs a release form

Putrefaction is defined as:

decomposition of the body's tissues.

When performing his or her duties, the EMT is generally expected to:

exercise reasonable care and act prudently.