Microbiology - Chp. 6 | Viruses

oxidation

loses electrion(s)

reduction

gains electron(s)

choose a correct statement

electrons move to less electronegative atoms from more electronegative atoms.

electrons move to more electronegative atom from less electronegative atoms

both aboves

neither aboves

electrons move to more electronegative atom from less electronegative atoms

when does the electron release energy

when electrons move from less to more electronegative atoms

protons accumulated outside the cell membrane, by ________ gradient, rush through enzyme: _________ to synthesize ATP by combining ADP & Pi

chemiosmotic, ATP synthesis

electrons are transferred in the cell membrane to the more electronegative acceptor from an electron donor, which in turn releases energy that is used to generate a proton gradient, finally all electron are transferred to _____ to produce water

oxygen

in gluconeogenesis, protein breaks down by __________ and fat breaks down by _________

deamination, beta oxidation

which is not related with anabolism

synthesizes molecules

is endergonic reaction

release energy

all of the above are correct

release energy

which is wrong statement about enzymes?

are reusable

are highly specific

have an active site

are required in large amounts

are required in large amounts

NAD+ + 2e- + H+ → NADH + H+

reduction reaction

NADH → NAD + 2e-

oxidation reaction

XH → X+ e-

oxidation reaction

A → AH

reduction reaction

FAD + 2e- + 2H → FADH2

reduction reaction

BH2 → B

oxidation reaction

competitive inhibition

a molecule competes with the substrate for binding to the enzyme’s active site

noncompetitive inhibition

a molecule binds to a site other than the active site, causing a change in the enzyme’s shape and reducing its activity

T/F: ATP releases energy when it breaks to ADP and a phosphate group

T

T/F: ATP is made of adenosine, deoxyribose, & 3 phosphates

F

T/F: phosphorlylation means the addition of a phosphate group to another molecule

T

T/F: ATP is not a stable structure enough to store energy for long itme

T

T/F: ATP molecules are relatively stable due to negatively charged phosphate groups

F

ATP is degraded to ADP in exergonic reaction

T

glycolysis location in prokaryotes

cytoplasm

krebs cycle location inprokaryotes

cell membrane and cytoplasm

electron transport sytdem

cell membrane

NAD+ can carry __ hydrogen ion(s) and __ electrons

1,2

glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate

1

acetyl CoA binds to oxaloactate to form citrate

b

NADH is produced

6, a, c, d, g

FADH2 is produced

e

ATP is consumed

1,3

ATP is produced

7,10, d

in cell metabolism, NADH or FADH2 are made in the reaction step that has an enzyme [term] because this enzyme separates hydrogen from the reactant to transfer to NAD+ or FAD

dehydrogenase

what is the final electron acceptor in the oxidative phosphorylation?

oxygen

role of electrons

releases energy that is used to produce ATP during cellular respiration

the role of hydrogens

flows down the concentration gradient through ATP synthase to generate ATP

choose a right statement in electron transport

electron transport chain is composed of cytochromes I, II, III, & IV

electrons in NADH & FADH2 can transport hydrogen ions from inside the cells to the outside

electrons eventually are accepted to oxygen to form water molecule

all of the above are correct

all of the above are correct

fructose

fructose-1-phosphate

glucose

enters glycolysis path

galactose

glucose-6-phosphate

starch, or glycogen

glucose-6-phosphate

alanine

pyruvate

aspartic acid

oxaloacetate

glycerol

dihydroxyacetone phosphate

anaerobic organisms can have the following final electron acceptors such as ____

NO3-

SO42-

CO3

CO2

all of the above

all of the above

requires endogenous organic compounds as both electron donors acceptors

fermentation

requires oxygen as electron acceptor

aerobic respiration

requires inorganic substances as electron acceptor

anaerobic respiration

it does not have oxidative phosphorylation process

fermentation

fermentation is an aerobic process that reoxidixes NADH to NAD+ by converting organic materials into fermentation end products. what kind of product is formed?

lactic acid

ethanolk

carbon dioxide

acid

all of the above

all of the above

fermentation reaction can be identified by _____

methyl red test

voges-proskauer test

biuret test

ninhydrin reaction

methyl red test & voges-proskauer test