Spine & Thorax - BBL

Vertebrae

An animal that has a spinal column.

Insect

An animal that does not have a spinal column.

Mollusk

An animal that does not have a spinal column.

Quadrupeds

Animals that walk on four legs.

Bipeds

Animals that walk on two legs.

Example of bipeds

Humans.

Pneumatized

Air filled; occurs in the vertebrae, sternum, and pelvis of birds.

Vertebral column

Consists of 25 bones: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, sacrum and coccyx.

Cervical vertebrae

The most mobile and accessible vertebrae.

Thoracic vertebrae

Articulate with the 12 pairs of ribs, providing minimal movement.

Lumbar vertebrae

Designed to support the weight of the upper body.

Thorax

Includes the sternum and rib cage.

Rib cage

Consists of coastal cartilage and 12 pairs of ribs.

True ribs

Ribs 1-7 that attach directly to the sternum.

False ribs

Ribs 8-12 that attach indirectly to the sternum by coastal cartilage.

Floating ribs

Ribs 11-12 that do not attach to the sternum or coastal cartilage.

Natural curvatures of the vertebral column

Include cervical and lumbar lordotic curves, thoracic and sacral kyphotic curves.

Scoliosis

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

Intervertebral disks

Cushion shocks; composed of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus.

Annulus fibrosus

The tough outer layer of intervertebral disks.

Nucleus pulposus

The liquid center of intervertebral disks.

Carotid tubercle

A large anterior tubercle on C-6 where the carotid artery passes laterally.

Spinous process

A vertebrae's posterior projection, serving as an attachment site.

Atlas (C-1)

The only vertebra that does not have a spinous process.

Transverse processes of the cervicals

Serve as attachment sites for muscles like scalenes and levator scapulae.

Brachial plexus

A large group of nerves that innervate the arm, exits between the TVPs.

Lamina groove

A troughlike space between the spinous and transverse processes of vertebrae.

Jugular notch

The notch between the sternal heads of the clavicles.

Manubrium

The superior portion of the sternum, articulating with the clavicles and ribs.

Body of the sternum

Located inferior to the manubrium and forms the major portion of the sternum.

Sternal angle

The junction between the manubrium and body of the sternum.

Xiphoid process

The bottom of the sternum, serving as an attachment site for the rectus sheath.

Costal cartilage

Attaches ribs to the sternum.

First rib

Rib designed to expand in three directions: inhalation, lateral, and superior.

Which section of the vertebral column is capable of the most movement

cervial

the thorax is composed of which two structures

sternum and rib cage

the visible row of bumps running down the center of the back are the

spinous processes

Bony landmark of T-12

Twelfth rib

Bondy landmark of T-2

Superior angle of the scapula

Bony landmark of L-4

Top of the iliac crest

Bony landmark of C-7

Base of the neck

Bony landmark of T-7

Inferior angle of the scapula

With your partner seated, what two movements at the spine could you ask your partner to perform to feel the movement of the spinous process

flexion, extension

The angles of the scaupla and the corresponding spinous processes do not always line up, Name two factors that might affect the position of the scapula

body type, muscular contraction

which two cervical vertebrae have spinouse processes that protrude fruther posteriorly and are more distinct than the other cervical vertebrae

C-2 (axis) and C-7 (vertebra prominens)

Which band of connective tissue lies superficial to the cervial spinouse processes

ligamentum nuchae

Many of the cervical transverse processes are deep to which neck muscle

the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Your partner is supine and you passively rotate the head 45” away from the side you are palpating. This position places the cervial transverse processes in a line running between which two bony landmarks

mastoid process, center of shaft of clavicle

the lamina groove is located between which two bony landmarks of the vertebrae

spinous and transverse processes

the toracic transverse processes are located deep to the _____________ muscles and superficial to the ___________

erector spinae, connecting aspects of the ribs

to avoid the thick erector spinae muscles overlying the lumbar transverse processes. it is best to slide your fingers roughly how far laaterally from the spinous processes

two inches

which rib attaches to the sternum at the level of the sternal angle

second

what is the structure that extends off the ribs and attaches to the sternum

coastal cartilage

which muscles are located between the ribs

intercostal muscles

although the entire rib cage is deep to the muscle tissue, which portion is easily accessed

the sides of the trunk

the first rib is deep to which bone along the anterior thorax

clavicle

exploring just posterior to the clavicle, through which musclle group must you palpate to access the first rib

scalenes

what action could you ask your partner to perform to feel the first rib move

slow, deep breath into upper chest

in which three directions are the ribs ideally designed to move

anterior/posterior: inhalation , lateral, superior

the 11th and 12 ribs lie at approximately what angle on the body

45 degrees

as you palpate medially toward the spine, you may lose contact with the 12th rib because it is deep to which muscle group

erector spinae group