Ages of Exploration and Native American Societies Lecture Review

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes covering European exploration, colonial social structures, the Transatlantic slave trade, and various Native American groups.

Fall of Granada

An event occurring in Feb $1491$ involving Ferdinand & Isabella.

The 3 G's

Motivators for exploration consisting of Gold, Glory, and God, influenced by the Crusades, technology, consolidation of monarchies, and Mercantilism.

Treaty of Tordesillas

A treaty created by the Pope to divide territory between Portugal and Spain.

Hispanyola

A territory for which Ferdinand & Isabella were looking to "catch up."

Encomienda system

A system hand-picked by kings + queens where the ecomedero was responsible for conversions, Spanish protection, education, and infrastructure.

Peninsulares

Individuals at the top of the social structure who were born in Spain.

Creoles

Spanish children born in the New World.

Mestico & Mulattoes

Social classes characterized as "half breeds," with Mestico being half Spanish and Mulattoes having some Spanish blood.

Sugar Cane

A cash crop harvested in humid, marshy, swampy, and wet conditions which required long hours and many workers.

Tobacco

A crop whose first shipment corresponded with the first shipment of African Slaves.

Potosi

A silver mine that produced $\frac{1}{3}$ of the world's silver.

Middle passage

The transit route for slaves where $14\%$ of the slaves died while in transit.

Triangular trade

An economic concept where Europeans came to the Americas to sell Sugar Cane and slaves.

Col. Ex

The exchange of people, language, plants, animals, and disease between the Old and New Worlds.

Technochittlan

An artificial island located on Lake Texcoco.

Malinche

A native woman who served as a translator for the Spanish.

Montezuma

An Aztec leader killed when a gunshot caused panic, after which the Spanish took all the gold.

Wavejos

The ancestors of these people were known as "wind blockers."

Pueblo Sw

A native group in the four corners (Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado) known for farming and diverting rivers.

Ute

A nomadic native group from the Great Basin and Great Plains.

Chinook

Sedentary hunter gatherers from the Pacific NW.

Bank of Amsterdam

Established in $1607$, it was the first bank to work like banks do today.

Dutch E. India Co

A major joint stock company that emerged during the shift in banking and agriculture.

Kingdom of Kongo

An African kingdom involved in the slave trade with Arab Muslum trades and the Portugese plantation system.

Florentine Codex

A series of pictures created by Native Americans depicting Smallpox and how the Spanish treated them.

Black Legend

A concept associated with Dela Casas Verda regarding the Spanish treatment of natives.