McLean Overview

name the meninges

dura mater

arachnoid

pia mater

what is in the subarachnoid space?

CSF and blood vessels

what is the ventricular system?

ventricles filled with CSF

what are ventricles?

canals in the brain filled with CSF

what is CSF produced by?

choroid plexus

CSF movement

circulates through the VSF and out into the subarachnoid space

how is the CSF reabsorbed?

in arachnoid villi and granulations through venous sinuses

how is the CNS formed?

neural tube

how is the ventricular system formed?

inside the tube

name the parts of the developing brain rostral to caudal

prosencephalon

mesencephalon

rhombencephalon

what are the main divisions of the brain?

telencephalon

diencephalon

mesencephalon

metencephalon

myelencephalon

what does the telencephalon contain?

cerebrum - cortex, basal ganglia and limbic system

what does the diencephalon contain?

thalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus and hypothalamus

what does the mesencephalon contain?

midbrain

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what does the metencephalon contain?

cerebellum and pons

what does the myelencephalon contain?

medulla oblongata

spinal cord - sensory

from the the PNS to the brain

spinal cord - motor

from the brain to the PNS

what is responsible for mediating reflexes of the body?

spinal cord

purpose of the peripheral nerves

conduct electrical signals to and from the CNS

afferent

sensory

efferent

motor

Myelencephalon - purpose

involuntary functions that are essential to life - HR and BP

metencephalon - pons

many cranial nerve nuclei

arousal and eye movement

ascending and descending tracts

relays signals between cerebrum and cerebellum

metencephalon - cerebellum

movement and motor learning

what happens if the cerebellum is damaged?

intentional tremors

purpose of the pontine nuclei?

sends motor signals between the cerebrum and cerebellum

composition of the mesencephalon

tectum

tegmentum

mesencephalon - tectum contains

superior and inferior colliculus

mesencephalon - tectum superior colliculus

visual orienting and eye movements

mesencephalon - tectum inferior colliculus

auditory pathway and pupillary light reflex

mesencephalon - tegmentum

motor related nuclei

mesencephalon - tegmentum contains

substantia nigra and cerebral peduncles

diencephalon - thalamus

sensory and motor processing into the cortex

diencephalon - hypothalamus

homeostasis

what two portions are indivisible functionally?

thalamus and neocortex

thalamus and neocortex activies

consciousness

senses

what consists of the lobes of the brain?

telencephalon

lobes of the brain?

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital and piriform

receiving area - vision + nuclei

V1

LGN

receiving area - hearing + nuclei

A1

MGN

receiving area - somatosensory + nuclei

S1

VPL/VPM

receiving area - motor + nuclei

M1

VA/VM

purpose of the limbic system

emotions

learning and memory

behavior

olfaction

purpose of the basal ganglia

motor learning

what part of the brain are the lateral ventricles found?

telencephalon

what part of the brain it the third ventricle found?

diencephalon

what part of the brain it the cerebral aqueduct found?

mesencephalon

what part of the brain the fourth ventricle is found?

metencephalon and myelencephalon

what do spinal reflexes allow for?

sensory inputs to direct motor outputs with minimal involvement of CNS

limbic structures in dog

cingulate gyrus

hippocampus

amygdala