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Stress
The internal biological and psychological response to adjustive demands, a by-product of inadequate coping.
Appraisal
The process that determines threat and triggers calming responses after the fight or flight response.
Coping
The methods individuals use to handle stressors, which can be problem-focused or emotion-focused.
Problem-focused coping
Facing the stress head-on and taking action to resolve the stressor.
Emotion-focused coping
Regulating emotional responses to stressors, working through emotions rather than confronting the stressor.
PTSD
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, characterized by intrusive symptoms, avoidance, and negative changes in cognition or mood after exposure to trauma.
Neurobiology of PTSD
Abnormal functioning of the prefrontal cortex and amygdala, leading to heightened fear and arousal responses.
Acute Stress Disorder
A response to a traumatic event with symptoms beginning within 4 weeks and lasting less than 1 month.
Multifinality
The concept that two people with the same trauma may experience different outcomes based on their coping styles and stress levels.
Dissociation
A disconnection between thoughts, memories, and identity, which is normal but can become problematic when it affects functioning.
Dissociative Amnesia
Memory loss related to traumatic or stressful events, differing from ordinary forgetting.
Depersonalization
Feeling detached from one's mind or body, as if observing oneself from outside.
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
A disorder in which an individual has two or more distinct identities that alternate control of behavior.
Factitious Disorder
A mental disorder where a person acts as if they have a physical or mental illness when they are not really sick.
Somatic Symptom Disorder
A condition where a person has excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to physical symptoms.
Psychophysiological Disorders
Medical conditions that are worsened or triggered by psychological factors, such as stress.
Substance Use Disorder (SUD)
A condition characterized by a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to significant impairment or distress.
Tolerance
The need for increasing amounts of substance to achieve the desired effect.
Withdrawal
Unpleasant physical and mental symptoms that occur when reducing or stopping substance use.
Binge Episode
An eating episode characterized by the consumption of an extremely large amount of food in a short time, often linked to loss of control.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
A psychotherapeutic treatment effective for various eating disorders.
Weight Stigma
Prejudice and discrimination against individuals based on their body weight, affecting their mental and physical health.
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