BIO 120- Cell structure

membranes

All cells have: cell _____________

nucleic acids

All cells have: ______ ___________ as their genetic material

enzymes

All cells have: _________ and coenzymes

cytoplasm

All cells have: (starts with a C)

ribosome

All cells have: (starts with an R)

ATP

All cells have: use ________ as their source of chemical-bond energy

nucleus; nucleoid center

Differences between prokaryote and eukaryote: Eukaryotes have a __________ and prokaryotes have a ___________

larger; smaller

Differences between prokaryote and eukaryote: Eukaryotes are ________ in size and prokaryotes are __________ in size

complex; simple

Differences between prokaryote and eukaryote: Eukaryotes are __________ and prokaryotes are __________

memrbane; do not

Differences between prokaryote and eukaryote: Eukaryotes have _________ bound organelles and prokaryotes ______ ________

younger; older

Differences between prokaryote and eukaryote: Eukaryotes are_______ in age and prokaryotes are ________ in age

multi; uni

Differences between prokaryote and eukaryote: Eukaryotes are _______cellular and prokaryotes are ________cellular

cell

plants have a ______ wall, aniamls do not

chloroplasts

plants have _________ and animals do not

centrioles

animals have ___________, plants do not

large; none

plants have a ___________ central vacuole and animals have _______ or very small ones

flagella, not

animals have __________/ cilia, plants do __________

nucleus

Gene expression and regulation, center for protein synthesis

nucleolus

where RNA is made

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

synthesizes lipids and metabolizes carbohydrates

rough endoplasmic reticulum

has fixed ribosomes and is where proteins are synthesized

ribsosomes

major organelle in protein synthesis

golgi apparatus

The FedEx of organelles. recieves, sorts, and ships proteins to other places

lysomes

Breaks down bacteria and cleans the cell.

food vacuoles

breaks down ingested material

contractile vacuoles

Pumps excess water out of cells, found in freshwater protists

central vacuoles

Stores water, sugar, and pigments. maintains cellular waste. IN PLANTS

mitochondria

Cellular respiration- converts molecules into energy / ATP

chloroplasts

Where photosynthesis happens, turn sunlight into energy

peroxisomes

Protects cells from damage and breaks down hydrogen peroxide

cytoskeleton

Like a spiderweb throughout the cell, tubes that hold organelles in place and other things

mechanical

cytoskeleton function: ___________ support/ maintenace of the cell and its organelles

anchorage

cytoskeleton function: __________ of organelles

shape

cytoskeleton function: changing _________ of cell

motility

cytoskeleton function: cell ____________

plasma membrane; food vacuoles

cytoskeleton function: manipulation of _________ ___________ to form __________ ___________

cytoplasmic

cytoskeleton function: ______________ streaming

microtubles

type of cytoskeletal element: thickest part

intermediate fibers

type of cytoskeletal element: in between part

microfilaments

type of cytoskeletal element: thinnest part

centrioles

forms the spindle apparatus that is associated with movement of chromosomes during cell division

cilia

moves fluid across cell surface

flagella

used for movement of cells through liquid but some are used in tranduction or sensation such as in the ear

microvilli

increases surface area of cell

cell wall

used for protection, maintaing shape, and preventing excess water uptake. plants only

plasmodesmata

a cell junction that allows cytosol, water, and small solutes to pass between cells

nuclear envelope

double membrane that surrounds the nucleus