Skull Quiz 2

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Temporal bone connection

The temporal bone connects with the parietal bone from the lateral aspect of the skull.

Zygomatic arch formation

Formed by the temporal process of the zygomatic bone meeting the zygomatic process of the temporal bone.

Mandibular fossa

Located on the inferior surface of the zygomatic process; articulates with the condyle of the mandible.

TMJ (Temporomandibular Joint)

Connects the mandible to the temporal bone of the skull.

External acoustic meatus

The external ear canal located on the lateral aspect of the temporal bone.

Styloid process

Inferior to the external acoustic meatus; attachment site for tongue and neck muscles.

Mastoid process

Posterior to the external acoustic meatus; attachment site for neck muscles.

Mastoid sinuses (air cells)

Air-filled cavities in the mastoid process; adjacent to the ear cavity and prone to infection.

Mastoiditis

Infection of the mastoid sinuses, often caused by a middle ear infection.

Mastoiditis risk

Infection can spread to the brain due to thin bone protection over mastoid sinuses.

Treatment for mastoiditis

Antibiotics.

Temporalis muscle origin

Temporal fossa.

Temporalis muscle insertion

Apex and medial surface of the coronoid process of the mandible.

Temporalis muscle action

Elevates and retracts the mandible.

Temporalis muscle innervation

Deep temporal branches of the mandibular nerve (CN V3).

Temporal tendinitis

Inflammation and tenderness of the temporal tendon as it inserts into the coronoid process of the mandible.

Causes of temporal tendinitis

Tooth clenching, teeth grinding, prolonged mouth opening, or trauma.

Temporal tendinitis pain

Pain can be referred to the eye, ear, jaw joint, and temple.

Temporal tendinitis symptoms

Eye sensitivity to bright light, nausea, and vomiting; may mimic a migraine.

Temporal tendinitis vs migraine

Migraine treatments typically do not relieve temporal tendinitis headaches.

Procerus muscle location

Occupies the glabella.

Procerus muscle origin

Nasal bone.

Procerus muscle insertion

Frontal belly of the frontalis muscle.

Procerus muscle action

Depresses the medial end of the eyebrow, forming horizontal “bunny lines.”

Procerus muscle emotion

Associated with disdain, anger, sadness, or distress.

Procerus muscle innervation

Zygomatic or buccal branches of the facial nerve (CN VII).

Corrugator supercilii origin

Fibers of the orbicularis oculi muscle.

Corrugator supercilii insertion

Skin above the supraorbital margin.

Corrugator supercilii action

Pulls eyebrows inward and downward, forming vertical “11 lines” or frown lines.

Corrugator supercilii innervation

Temporal branches of the facial nerve (CN VII).

Lateral rectus muscle action

Abducts the eyeball.

Medial rectus muscle action

Adducts the eyeball.

Sphenoid bone function

Keystone of the cranial bones; articulates with all other cranial bones.

Sphenoid bone parts

Body, greater wings, lesser wings, and pterygoid processes.

Sphenoid wings

Help form the posterior and lateral walls of the orbit.

Sella turcica

Depression on the superior surface of the sphenoid body; resembles a Turkish saddle.

Hypophyseal fossa

Seat of the sella turcica; houses the pituitary gland.

Pterygoid processes

Project inferiorly from the sphenoid body; provide attachment for medial and lateral pterygoid muscles (chewing/jaw movement).

Ethmoid bone function

Contributes to the medial wall of the orbit, nasal cavity, and nasal septum.

Ethmoid bone parts

1) Ethmoidal labyrinth 2) Perpendicular plate 3) Cribriform plate.

Ethmoidal labyrinth function

Warms and moistens inhaled air.

Perpendicular plate function

Helps form the nasal septum and supports the nasal cartilage.

Nasal septum definition

Mucosa-covered bony and cartilaginous structure separating right and left nostrils.

Ethmoid bone location

Between the sphenoid and lacrimal bones in the eye orbit.

Cribriform plate function

Forms the roof of the nasal cavity; contains olfactory foramina for olfactory nerve filaments.

Crista galli

Projection superior to the cribriform plate; attachment site for the falx cerebri.

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