battle of hastings sources

Bayeux Tapestry

A historical artifact depicting the Norman army, weapons, and the events of the Battle of Hastings.

Harold's Death

The tapestry illustrates King Harold being struck in the eye by a bow and arrow.

Norman Dominance

The Bayeux Tapestry shows the Normans prevailing over the Saxons.

Caption Translation

The caption in the tapestry translates to “Here King Harold is slain.”

Shield Wall Breakdown

The tapestry depicts the breaking of Harold’s shield wall during the battle.

Carmen de Haestingae Proelio

A poem that describes the tactics used by William during the Battle of Hastings.

Destruction Tactics

The Carmen highlights William's strategy of destroying land to provoke Harold into battle.

Saxon Preparation

The poem indicates the Saxons were unprepared for the battle.

Saxon Bad Luck

It mentions the misfortune of the Saxons having to fight two consecutive battles.

Norman Good Luck

The poem suggests that the Normans were fortunate in their choice to invade.

William of Poitiers

A historical account that provides evidence of Norman cavalry and their tactics.

Saxon Poor Tactics

It shows the Saxons' poor decision to leave their shield wall.

Norman Retreat Effectiveness

The account highlights the effectiveness of the Norman retreat strategy.

William's Leadership

It illustrates William's ability to adapt his battle plan and lead effectively.

Chronicle of Battle Abbey

A historical record detailing the tactics and strategies used in the Battle of Hastings.

Tactical Retreats

The Chronicle describes the Normans' tactical retreats as a "preconcerted scheme."

Saxon Shield Tactics

It discusses the Saxons' reliance on their shield wall during the battle.

Saxon Tactical Failures

The Chronicle points out the Saxons' mistakes in abandoning their shield wall.

William's Battle Plan Change

It emphasizes William's ability to change his battle strategy, showcasing his leadership.