sports medicine final review

The athletic health care facility should only be used for the

prevention, care and education of sports injuries

The type of coverage provided in a facility or at a location (nurse vs ATC vs physician vs EMT, etc.) is usually determined by

budgeting limitations

In regards to performing the PPE, the ____ is designed to protect young athletes.

maturity assessment

___ is considered a legal document and is used to document and track the athletes and any treatments they come in for.

treatment log

___ Regulates how sports medicine team members share

information and gives the athletes control of who has access to their medical records.

HIPAA (health insurance portability and accountability act)

\--- and --- are considered legal documents

injury report/SOAP notes and treatment logs

Failure to meet the standards and requirements of the PPE may result in

sports disqualifications

What does EAP stand for? What is its purpose

Emergency Action Plan; develops a systematic plan of accessing EMS and transportation to an emergency care facility

What are the 4 parts that make up the PPE (Pre-Participation Exam)?

1 - medical history 2- physical exam 3- maturity assessment 4 - orthopedic screening

What are the 7 areas/rooms that make-up a Sports Medicine Facility

administration, prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, hydrotherapy, storage, physicians exam room/private exam rooms

what does HMO stand for

health maintenance organization

what does PPO stand for

preferred provider organization

For which type of insurance do you need to select a primary care physician (PCP)?

HMO

referral requirements in insurance

An HMO plan requires a referral, a PPO does not

With an HMO, can you see a physician that is out of network?

 You can only see a doctor out of network with a PPO plan, HMO plans do not offer coverage for the care of an physician outside of network.

Which type of insurance has higher premiums but greater flexibility?

PPO's have higher premiums but greater flexibility.

Refers to being or having legal responsibility for the harm one causes another person.

liability

Are typically a private company that provides both insurance AND medical services.

private insurance carriers

a form or waiver that an individual signs assuming that there is some risk/danger involved in the sport or activity.

assumption of risk

Protects the health care provider against things such as claims of negligence.

personal liability insurance

Any legal wrong that is committed against another person is known as a

tort

requires that an individual providing care must act according the the standard of care of a person with similar education and experience.

standard of reasonable care

What is the purpose of the Good Samaritan Law?

The Good Samaritan law provides limited protection to someone who chooses to provide first aid and something goes wrong (those without medical training)

What is the Duty of Care?

a requirement that a person act toward other and the public with watchfulness, attention, caution and prudence that a reasonable person in similar circumstances would

What is negligence/How does it occur?

when a person does something that a reasonable person would not do and fails to do something that a reasonable person in a similar situation would do.

Is necessary for the growth, maintenance, and repair of all body tissues.

protein

Is known as the most essential nutrient

water

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are all

fat soluble vitamins

___ Carbohydrates typically take longer to digest and are packed with fiber, vitamins, and minerals.

complex

It is necessary to consume __ as they are not produced by

the body.

essential amino acids

The absorbable components of food from which energy is produced are known as

macronutrients

___ Should make up less than 10% of the total calories you

consume

saturated fats

___ Vitamins cannot be stored in the body as they are

eliminated via urine if they are not utilized.

water soluble

Although water does not contain any calories, it is necessary for ___

energy production

Sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesium, and calcium are all examples of ___ which are electrically charged ions in a solution

electrolytes

all 6 classes of nutrients

carbs, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water

What is the difference between saturated fat and trans fat?

Saturated fats are from animal fats and sources whereas trans fats are cookies, chips and dairy.

4\. What are the 4 jobs/bodily processes that minerals are needed for?

Forming bones and teeth - Generating energy - Activating enzymes - Maintaining water balance

list the water soluble vitamins

Vitamin C and B complex vitamins

What is the body’s most concentrated source of energy?

fats

How much energy (calories/gram) is provided by each macronutrient?

Carbohydrates- 4 cal/g \n Protein- 4cal/g \n Fat- 9cal/g

What types of foods are carbs typically found in?

Carbs are typically found in fruits, vegetable and beans.

What are some examples of simple carbs?

sugar, honey, syrup, candy

Why do complex carbs take more time to digest?

more fiber

  Which of the 3 types of fats do we want to try and avoid completely? 

trans fat

To build muscle, athletes should consume ___ grams of protein per kilogram of bodyweight, every day.

1-1.5 g

___ foods can range from fruits and vegetables to whole grains and dairy products, and have not been treated by any chemical fertilizers or insecticides.

organic

minimum caloric intake should not drop below… (men and women)

women - 12%

men - 5%

Rapid, uncontrollable eating followed by purging, or throwing up, is known as

bullimia

___ Refers to increasing your intake of carbohydrates while tapering your training over a 6 day period.

carb loading

___ which can occur from a deficiency in Iron, can lead to

decreased production of hemoglobin and cause the person to feel tired and weak.

anemia

The average college-aged male is around ___ __*Body Fat, while the average body fat for a college-aged female is around*__ ______

12-15% , 20-25%

The Female Athlete Triad Syndrome is the combination of

disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis

no animal products or cooking of foods

raw vegan

fish and vegetable/fruit diet

Pescatarian

only eggs/dairy and vegetables/fruit diet

Ovo Lacto vegetarian

no animal products diet

Vegan

only eggs and vegetables/fruit diet

Ovo vegetarian

Please explain the difference between Anorexia Nervosa and Anorexia Athletica

Anorexia Nervosa is distorted body image and a major concern about weight gain with starvation but Anorexia Athletic is similar but comes with no self starvation.

What are the 3 ways calories are expended (or burned) as listed in class?

Calories are expended from Basal metabolism, work/activity and excretion.

basal metabolism

Basal metabolism is the minimum amount of energy required for vital body functions.

If there is a little or small amount of blood present on an athlete’s uniform, use ___

hydrogen peroxide

Is commonly referred to as ‘athlete’s foot’ and is usually found between the 3rd and 4th toes, causing the skin to thicken, scale, and peel.

tinea pedis

Although sutures should be applied as soon as possible, they need to be applied within

12 hours

Is a bacterial infection that causes fever and convulsions.

tetanus

Verruca Warts are caused by

HPV

Herpes that occurs on the back/neck or body and is common in wrestlers is known as

herpes gladiatorum

a jagged/irregular tear in the skin that typically occurs over a bony area from blunt force trauma.

laceration

__ Are small, round, elevated lesions with a ‘cauliflower’

like appearance that occur on the bottom of the foot.

verruca warts

The two types of bacteria that are the most common to cause a skin infection are

streptococcus and staphylococcus

usually shows up as fluid filled blisters in the form of a cluster, that progress to painful, open sores.

herpes simplex

Is a viral infection caused by the herpes zoster virus that occurs in 1 out of 3 adults and is characterized by blisters or open sores that occur along a specific nerve root.

shingles

4 types of fluids that bloodborne pathogens may be present in:

blood, semen or vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid

Please list/state the appropriate care for an athlete who is suffering from a MRSA infection.

Cover and see physician - Proper meds - May be surgically drained

What does MRSA stand for? And how is it different from a regular staph infection?

MRSA stands for methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus which is different from regular staph because staph MRSA is transferred through contact.

How/why do Fungal infections occur? How can we prevent them?

Fungal infections usually occur at damp or moist, warm and dark areas of the body and can be prevented by antifungals, and changing the environment

7 signs of infection

\- Pain - Heat - Redness - Swelling - Loss of/disordered function - Pus - fever

Please identify whether the following infections are bacterial, viral, or fungal infections.

Herpes Simplex Virus - Viral

Folliculitis - Bacteria

Verruca Warts - Viral

Impetigo- Bacteria

MRSA - Bacteria

Has been shown to increase compliance to a rehabilitation program when used as a motivator.

goal setting

Overtraining can lead to ___ , which is related to both physical and emotional exhaustion and cause lead to feelings of depersonalization, reduced sense of accomplishment, and a depressed mood in the athlete.

staleness and burnout

which is a feeling of uncertainty or apprehension, is one of the most common mental and emotional stress producers

anxiety

Goals can be set ___ for a sense of accomplishment

daily

goals can be set __for a sense of progress,

weekly

goals can be set __ for long term achievement.

monthly/yearly

What were the 3 predictors of injury?

injury prone athlete, stress and risk of injury, and overtraining.

How does collecting an athlete’s baseline measurements on various exercises/performance factors help in making the return to competition decision?

Comparing baseline performance data in the preseason to an athlete to seem ready both mentally and physically, can help make the decision if they are ready to play.

What are the 3 reactive phases during the rehabilitation?

The 3 reactive phases during rehab are reaction to injury, reaction to rehabilitation, and reaction to return to competition or career termination

Please list the 8 ways to provide support to an athlete suffering from an injury/going through the rehabilitation process

* Be a good listener
* Be aware of body language
* Project a caring image
* Find out what the problem is
* Explain the injury to the athlete
* Manage the stress of the injury
* Keep the athlete involved with the team
* Help the athlete return to play

skin infection

tinea pedis

folliculitis

verucca warts

\

tinea capitis

herpes simplex

MRSA or Staphyloccocus

tinea barbae

impetigo

Typically occurs in areas of the body that are dark, warm and damp/moist.

fungal infections

One-celled plant like organisms that multiply quickly, leading to infection. These types of infections can be treated and cured with meds.

bacterial infection

No cure, medication/treatment suppresses the outbreaks but it remains present/dormant until the next outbreak.

viral

this infection: May start as a pimple that becomes an open sore, oozes fluid giving it a honey/yellow-brown crust.

impetigo