Honors Chemistry - Classification of Matter

matter

anything that takes up space

both elements and compounds have…

exactly the same composition

elements

cannot be broken down and is made up of all the same atoms

monoatomic elements

composed of single elements that aren’t bonded together

diatomic elements

two of the same elements bonded together

Br I N Cl H O F

compounds

made of two or more atoms chemically combined that have a fixed composition and can be separated chemically back to simpler substances

subscript

tiny number following an element symbol(goes to the left of where placed)

coefficient

big number in front of formula that indicates the number of molecules/compounds

mixture

two or more different substances physically combined that have varying composition and lets each substance keep its own properties

homogeneous mixture

substances are uniformly mixed(ex. solutions)

heterogeneous mixture

substances aren’t uniformly mixed(ex. oil and water)

all elements and compounds are…

homogeneous

if no chemical formula is given, it doesn’t have a fixed ratio…

making it a mixture

what are physical properties that can separate mixtures?

1. boiling/freezing point

2. density

3. particle size

4. solubility

5. magnetism

filtration

separates a solid from a liquid

distillation

separates a mixture of two or more different liquids based on boiling point

evaporation

separates an aqueous solution

chromatography

separates particles based upon size(density) and polarity(how polar something is)

particle models

show how the forms of matter look in a simple diagram form

monoatomic model

diatomic model

compound model

mixture model