kinetic particle theory - chapter 3

what is matter?

it is anything that has mass and takes up space

what are the forms of matter?

solid, liquid and gas

state the properties of solids

- have a fixed volume

- have a fixed shape

- cannot be compressed

- do not flow

state the properties of liquids

- have a fixed volume

- have no fixed shape

- cannot be compressed

- flow easily

state the properties of gases

- have no fixed volume

- have no fixed shape

- can be easily compressed

- flow in all directions

what are different properties of solids?

some are hard while others are soft

what are different properties of iquids?

some have a colour while others are colourless

what are different properties of gases?

some are coloured while others are colourless

what are the kinetic particle theory?

- all matter is made up of small particles

- there are spaces between particles in all matter

- particles are in constant random movement

what is diffusion?

it is the spreading and mixing of particles in liquids and gases

what are the two factors that affect the rate of diffusion?

- temperature

- the molecular mass of particles

how does temperature effect diffusion?

the particles of matter absorb energy which causes them to move faster

how does mass effect diffusion?

the greater the mass, the slower the particles diffuse

particles of a solid

- packed close together in an orderly arrangement

- cannot be compressed

- have little empty space between them

- vibrates within its position

particles in a liquid

- packed close together but not in an orderly arrangement

- cannot be compressed

- have little empty space between particles (more than in solids)

- can move freely throughout the liquid

particles in a gas

- far apart and in a random arrangement

- can be compressed

- free to move anywhere in the container

what are the processes of change?

- melting

- freezing

- boiling

- condensation

- evaporation

- sublimation

what is melting point?

the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid

what is freezing point?

the temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid

what is boiling point?

the temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas

what is condensation?

it is when a gas is cooled and changes to a liquid

what energy is given out when condensation occurs?

heat energy

when does evaporation occur?

it occurs below the boiling point of the liquid

what is sublimation?

it is when a solid changes into a gas without melting

what is deposition?

it is when a gas changes into a solid without changing into a liquid