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Gilded Age
Period between 1870-1910 characterized by wealth on the surface but widespread social problems underneath.
Muckraker
A journalist who exposes corruption or injustice in American businesses or government.
Social Darwinism
The belief that survival of the fittest applies to social classes, justifying wealth and poverty.
Jacob Riis
Muckraker who exposed the harsh living conditions in New York City apartments.
Upton Sinclair
Muckraker who exposed unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry.
Ida Tarbell
Muckraker who revealed illegal practices of the Standard Oil Company.
Ida B. Wells
Muckraker who exposed lynching and violence against African Americans.
Teddy Roosevelt's Square Deal
A domestic program aimed at conservation, corporate law reform, and consumer protection.
16th Amendment
Grants Congress the power to levy income taxes without apportionment among the states.
17th Amendment
Changed the election of U.S. senators from state legislatures to direct popular vote.
Sherman Antitrust Act
A law to prohibit monopolies and maintain competition in the marketplace.
Annexation of Hawaii
The U.S. acquisition of Hawaii, mainly for its sugar plantations.
Spanish-American War
Conflicted sparked by yellow journalism and resulted in U.S. victory over Spain, expanding U.S. territories.
Yellow journalism
Sensationalist news reporting that can influence public opinion and political actions.
Panama Canal
Built to shorten travel between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, making trade quicker and cheaper.
Roosevelt Corollary
Stated that the U.S. would intervene in Latin American affairs to prevent European interference.
Neutrality
A policy of not choosing sides in a conflict; practiced by the U.S. from 1914-1917 during WWI.
Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points
A proposal for peace outlining principles like open diplomacy and self-determination after WWI.
League of Nations
An intergovernmental organization aimed at promoting peace and preventing future wars.
Schenck vs. U.S.
A Supreme Court case limiting free speech during wartime, establishing restrictions on dissent.
Great Migration
Relocation of millions of African Americans from the rural South to urban centers in the North.
