Chapter 9 Medical Terms

Flashcards consisting of medical terminology related to the urinary tract and kidneys to aid in understanding definitions and functions.

-cele

Hernia, tumor, swelling.

cyst/o

Urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid.

dia-

Through, between, apart, complete.

-ectasis

Stretching, dilation, enlargement.

glomerul/o

Glomerulus.

lith/o

Stone, calculus.

-lysis

Breakdown, separation, setting free, destruction, loosening.

nephr/o

Kidney.

-pexy

Surgical fixation.

pyel/o

Renal pelvis, bowl of kidney.

-tripsy

To crush.

ur/o

Urine, urinary tract.

ureter/o

Ureter.

urethr/o

Urethra.

-uria

Urination, urine.

ablation

Removal of tissue.

anuria

Absence of urination.

benign prostatic hyperplasia

Enlargement of the prostate gland.

chronic kidney disease

Gradual loss of kidney function.

cystitis

Inflammation of the urinary bladder.

cystocele

Herniation of the bladder into the vagina.

cystolith

Bladder stone.

cystopexy

Surgical fixation of the bladder.

cystoscopy

Examination of the bladder using a scope.

dialysis

Process to remove waste products from the blood.

diuresis

Increased production of urine.

edema

Excess fluid accumulation in tissues.

end-stage renal disease

Final stage of chronic kidney disease.

enuresis

Involuntary urination, especially at night.

epispadias

Congenital defect where the urethra ends at an abnormal location.

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy

Technique using shock waves to break up stones.

glomerulonephritis

Inflammation of the glomeruli.

hemodialysis

Dialysis using the circulatory system.

hydronephrosis

Swelling of a kidney due to urine buildup.

hydroureter

Dilation of the ureter due to obstruction.

hyperproteinuria

Excess protein in urine.

hypoproteinemia

Low levels of protein in the blood.

hypospadias

Congenital condition where the urethra opens on the underside of the penis.

incontinence

Inability to control urination.

interstitial cystitis

Chronic condition causing bladder pressure and pain.

intravenous pyelography

Imaging of the urinary system using a contrast dye.

nephrolith

Kidney stone.

nephrolithiasis

Presence of kidney stones.

nephrolysis

Destruction of kidney tissue.

nephrons

Functional units of the kidney.

nephropathy

Disease of the kidney.

nephroptosis

Downward displacement of a kidney.

nephropyosis

Formation of pus in the kidney.

nephrostomy

Creation of an opening into the kidney.

nephrotic syndrome

A group of symptoms indicating kidney damage.

neurogenic bladder

Bladder dysfunction caused by nerve problems.

nocturia

Frequent urination at night.

nocturnal enuresis

Bedwetting during sleep.

oliguria

Decreased urine output.

percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Surgical procedure to remove kidney stones.

peritoneal dialysis

Technique using the peritoneum to filter waste.

polycystic kidney disease

Genetic disorder causing kidney cysts.

polyuria

Increased urine production.

prostatism

Urinary symptoms due to prostate enlargement.

pyelotomy

Surgical incision into the renal pelvis.

suprapubic catheterization

Placement of a catheter through the abdominal wall.

uremia

Presence of waste products in the blood due to kidney failure.

ureterectasis

Dilation of the ureter.

ureterolith

Stone in the ureter.

ureterorrhagia

Hemorrhage from the ureter.

ureterorrhaphy

Surgical repair of the ureter.

urethritis

Inflammation of the urethra.

urethroplasty

Surgical repair of the urethra.

urethrorrhagia

Bleeding from the urethra.

urethrostenosis

Narrowing of the urethra.

urethrotomy

Surgical incision of the urethra.

urinary catheterization

Insertion of a catheter into the urinary bladder.

vesicovaginal fistula

Abnormal connection between the bladder and vagina.

voiding cystourethrography

X-ray imaging of the bladder and urethra.

Wilms tumor

A type of kidney cancer in children.