A & P Unit 2 Exam

Which four structural compnents make up the integumentary system?

The skin, hair, nails, and glands

Which superficial layer of the skin is composed specifically of stratified squamous epithelial tissue?

The epidermis

What is the primary functional contribution of the dermis to the skin’s structure?

It provides structural strength

Why is the subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) not considered a formal part of the skin?

It is a separate layer of loose connective tissue that connects the skin to underlying structures

How does the integumentary system regulate body temperature through blood flow?

By modulating the diameter of dermal blood vessels to either radiate or conserve heat

Which molecule in the skin serves as the precursor for Vitamin D production when exposed to UV light?

7-dehydrocholestrol

The skin eliminates small amounts of waste products through which physiological process?

Excretion

What is the most numerous cell type found within the epidermis?

Keratinocytes

In which epidermal layer does active mitosis occur to replace cells lost at the surface?

The stratum basale (stratum germinativum)

which specialized epidermal cells serve as light touch receptors?

Merkel cells

which epidermal layer is characterized by 8 to 10 layers of keratinocytes and the presence of Langerhans cells?

the stratum spinosum

what is the primary function of Langerhans cells in the epidermis?

They provide immune funciton by guarding against microbes

Which specific epidermal layer is found exclusively in ‘thick skin’ on the palms and soles?

the stratum lucidum

What is the translucent protein found in the stratum lucidum that is derived from keratohyalin?

Eleidin

The stratum corneum consists of 15 to 30 layers of dead cells that have undergone which process?

cornification (keratinization)

which structures in the dermis ‘intrude’ into the epidermis to strengthen the connection and create fingerprints?

Dermal papillae

The reticular layer of the dermis is primarily composed of which type of connective tissue?

dense irregular connective tissue

what type of smooth muscle is responsible for causing hair to “stand on end” and producing goosebumps?

arrector pili muscle

which cutaneous gland type utilizes holocrine secretion, involving the death and rupture of secretory cells

sebaceous glands