Bio Lab Exam #1

what does the phylum alveolates consist of

single-celled eukaryotes that have a flattened membranous sac called alveoli beneath their cell membranes

ex. of phylum alveolate

ciliates, apicomplexans, dinoflagellates

define fission

splitting of a single organism/cell into two parts

define fusion

merging of separate cells/nuclei into one part

what are distinguishing characteristics in the super phylum Alveolata

• alveolar sac: form a supportive skin or pellicle

• tubular mitochondrial cristae: pipe-like or tubular inner membrane folds

• cortical proteins: family of structural proteins linked to the inner alveolar network

define definitive host

an organism in which a parasite reaches adult maturity and reproduces sexually

• ex: cats, mosquitoes, humans

define intermediate host

organism that harbors a parasite during its immature or larval developmental stage, the parasite does not reach sexual maturity, reproduces sexually or asexually

• ex: pigs, tapeworms, snails, rodents

compare and contrast life cycle with class Cestoda

• compare - heteroxenous: requires 2+ diff. host species to complete life cycle, egg shedding

• contrast - multi-host cycles, single-host cycles

features and body structure of phylum Cnidaria

• stinging cells (cnidocytes)

• tissue-level organization: outer endoderm (epidermis) and inner endoderm (gastrodermis)

• radial symmetry

• nerve net

• lack of complex systems

classes of cnidarians

• anthozoa: sea anemones, corals, sea fans, sea pens

• scyphozoa: true jellyfish

• cubozoa: box jellyfish

• hydrozoa: hydras, hydroids, Portuguese man o’ war

describe polyp form (asexual reproduction)

• feeding polyps: gastrozooids

• reproductive units: blastostyle —> gonozooids or gonangia

describe medusa form (sexual reproduction)

• small, free-swimming bell/umbrella shaped that looks like a mini jellyfish.. mouth and tentacles hang down

• reproductive role: dioecious and reproduce sexually, fertilized egg: planula larva

what is