Glen Miller, Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway, Benny Goodman, Fletcher Henderson
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Swing Band
Big Band, Sections of instruments
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Swing Musical Elements
Upbeat and fast tempo, More composed, Simple music
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Other Swing Information
Singable, Made for dancing, Commercialized
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Boplicity by Miles Davis
Cool era
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Cool Musicians
Miles Davis, Gerry Mulligan, Dave Brubeck, Paul Desmond
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Cool Band Size
Ensembles of 3-9 members
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Cool Musical Elements
No standard instrumentation, Slower tempos, Similar improvisation to Dixieland, Melodic lines worked over top of each other, Broke away from standard time signatures, Played on the Middle range of their instruments
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Cool Instruments
New instruments like the Tuba, French Horn, Strings, Sax
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Livery Stable Blues by Original Dixieland Jazz Band
Dixieland era
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Tiger Rag by Original Dixieland Jazz Band
Dixieland era
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Dixieland Musicians
Original Dixieland Jazz Band, Jelly Roll Morton, Sidney Bechet, New Orleans Rhythm Kings, Louis Armstrong
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Dixieland Musical Elements
Trumpet plays Melody, Clarinet plays Arpeggios and Counter melody, Trombones tailgate and play chord tones. Lines were improvised but the instruments had set roles to fill.
Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie "Bird" Parker, Max Roach, Bud Powell, Thelonious monk
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Bebop Musical Elements
Fast pace, Chord extensions/substitutions, Making swing more complex
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Bebop Instruments
Trumpet, Alto Sax, Rhythm Section (Piano, Drums, and Bass)
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Other Bebop Information
Musicians were tired of commercialization and wanted jazz to be seen as an art
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Sandu by Clifford Brown & Max Roach Quintet
Hardbop era
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Hardbop Musicians
Charles Mingus, Clifford Brown, John Coltrane, Art Blakey, Horace Silver
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Hardbop Musical Elements
Return jazz to its roots (Head Solo Head), "Earthier" style of music, Blues and church music heavy, Tempo much slower than Bebop, Highly rhythmic melody, Return to Individual improvisation
Studied by 7 people
