BIOL1001_2025-_Wed_05_Mar_2025

What is the predominant stage of the life cycle in bryophytes (mosses and liverworts)?

Haploid

In ferns, what is the predominant stage of the life cycle?

Diploid sporophyte

What type of plant has separate male and female reproductive structures?

Dioecious plants

What is the major difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms regarding their seeds?

Gymnosperms have exposed seeds, while angiosperms have seeds enclosed in fruit.

How do male gametes move in ferns?

They swim using motile sperm.

What is the term for plants that have both male and female reproductive structures in one plant?

Monoecious plants

What is the main function of endosperm in angiosperms?

It serves as a food source for the developing embryo.

What is the reduction division process that occurs to produce gametes?

Meiosis

What reproductive strategy promotes outcrossing and genetic diversity in plants?

Dioecy, or having separate male and female plants.

What is the chemical gradient that the pollen tube follows to reach the ovule in angiosperms?

A boron gradient.

What kind of cells are predominantly produced in the gametophyte stage of ferns?

Homosporous gametophytes (that produce both male and female gametes).

What is the purpose of timing the maturation of male and female flowers in plants?

To prevent self-fertilization and encourage cross-pollination.

What major evolutionary development allows plants to move away from water for reproduction?

The development of pollen that can be dispersed by wind or animals.

What are the four main structures of a flower in angiosperms?

Sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.

How do ferns fertilize their gametes?

Sperm must swim through water to fertilize the egg.