American EMT - exam #5 (final)

What does the National EMS Scope of Practice Model allow an EMT to do?

stabilization of scene and fundamental emergency care

small, painful blister?

lyme disease

what is the formula for finding minute volume when there is dead space?

rr x (tv-dead space)

What kind of PPE should you put on your patient with TB?

surgical mask

How do you confirm death?

rigor mortis, algor mortis, dependent lividity

If you are working on a 4 month what should you remember about their airway?

large tongue, nose breather, no flexed position

When giving epi to an unstable patient with breathing difficulty due to an allergic reaction (your local protocol allows you to administer this medication as long as you contact medical control first) what do you do if you experience radio communication failure and you have no way to contact medical control?

give epi, transport, contact medical control when available

what sign of respiratory distress do you normally see in a pediatric patient? accessory muscle use?

rapid breathing, wheezing, clavicles

When caring for a critical patient, you attempt to use a BVM to assist respirations. The BVM is not successful and you have no one to assist with getting a good seal on the mask. What is your next option for ventilation?

mouth to mask

What is the correct rate to bag an apneic child or infant?

1 breath 2-3 sec

depth of chest compressions for an infant?

1/3 or 1.5 in

depth of chest compressions for a child?

1/3 or 2 in

depth of chest compressions for an adult?

2 to 2.4 in

How do you treat someone who is hyperventilating when a panic attack or emotional crisis is the cause?

o2 and coach breathing

CHF left side of the heart signs?

pulmonary edema, pnd

CHF right side of the heart signs?

jvd, edema

CHF can lead to?

PND and kidney failure

What is the most important thing you need to ask a bystander about a seizure that they witnessed in a patient?

if they hit their head and how long it lasted

When assessing a newly diagnosed diabetic who has a hard time controlling their blood sugar you find that the patient is unconscious. The bystander says that the patient has been urinating a lot and has been getting worse over the last 24-36 hours?

hyperglycemia

too much insulin =?

hypoglycemia

If a child overdoses on an over the counter NSAID paid reliever what should you do?

activated charcoal

GCS sections and values?

eye 4, verbal 5, motor 6

What is the criteria for transport to a trauma center?

dangerous moi, ALOC, bad abcs

rule of 9's value for infant head?

18

rule of 9's value for child head?

12

rule of 9's value for adult head?

9

rule of 9's value for infant legs?

13.5

rule of 9's value for child legs?

16.5

rule of 9's value for adult legs?

18

what makes up the cns?

brain and spinal cord

what makes up the meninges in the cns?

dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

levels of the spinal cord?

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx

numbers at the levels of the spinal cord?

7, 12, 5, 5, 4

A rapid, irregular pulse following blunt trauma to the chest is most suggestive of a? stay and play or load and go?

myocardial contusion and rapid transport

muscle to bone connection?

tendon

what do you do with a limb presentation birth?

cover, head down/pelvis up, rapid transport

What vital sign changes will you see in a child or an infant that is going into cardiac arrest?

hypoxia and bradycardia

move pt from bed to stretcher?

draw sheet method/direct carry

move pt with no external injury, no trauma, and are in a narrow space?

extremity lift

move pt with no suspected spinal trauma that is lying supine on ground?

direct ground lift

when do we use JumpSTART triage?

younger than 8 or less than 100lbs

with JumpSTART triage, what do you do before giving a black tag to a pt with a pulse but no breathing?

open airway and 5 rescue breaths

JumpSTART triage red tag?

respirations less than 15 or more than 45bpm

START triage red tag?

30/2, cannot do

How do you ascertain the current risk for terrorist attack?

department of homeland security

Normal blood glucose?

80-120

microorganisms that reproduce by binary fission, less infectious, treat with antibiotics?

bacteria

germs that require a living host to multiply and survive, most infectious?

virus

system of internal and external reviews and audits of all aspects of an EMS system aimed at improving outcomes?

continuous quality improvement

When a child is killed, what do you do for the parents FIRST?

let the parents see the body, don't leave the body alone, offer to call people

unlawfully placing a person in fear of immediate bodily harm?

assault

unlawfully touching a person?

battery

failure to provide the same care that a person with a similar training would provide in the similar / same situation?

negligence

the unilateral termination of care by the EMT without the patient's consent & without making any provisions for continuing care by a medical professional who is competent to provide care for the patient?

abandonment

traits of a 2 month old?

tracks

traits of a 2 to 6 month old?

recognizes parents

traits of a 6 to 12 month old?

babble and walk

Bulging fontenelle is a sign of what?

ICP and meningitis

Depressed fontenelle is a sign of what?

dehydration

separation anxiety most common in what age group?

10-18 months

What cardiac rhythm decreases a patients chance at survival by 7 to 10% for each minute that it is allowed to continue?

vfib

methicillin bacterium that causes infections and is resistant to many antibiotics. In health care settings, it is believed to be transmitted from patient to patient via unwashed hands of health care providers---those at risk can include prolonged hospital stays?

MRSA

Where does respiration occur?

alveoli

who is most at risk for pulmonary embolism?

surgery, pregnant, cancer, bed rest

what is acute dyspnea and cyanosis despite good o2 levels a sign of?

pulmonary embolism

Which patients have delayed symptoms of a hypertensive emergency?

on beta-blockers

what if both arms drop during a stroke assessment?

repeat test

What is the treatment for a blood sugar of 300mg/dl?

insulin

What classification of burns are calculated in the BSA for children?

partial and full-thickness

How long does it take for peritonitis to develop?

24-48 hrs

type of diving emergency, bubble of gas that obstructs blood vessels, delayed (hrs) joint pain, "the bends," fatigue, rash

decompression sickness

What are the obstetrical emergency?

ectopic pregnancy, preeclampsia, eclampsia, placenta previa, abruptio placentae, spontaneous abortion

what is the PAT?

appearance, work of breathing, circulation

what is the PAT used for?

form a general impression of a child w/o touching

what are beta-blockers?

for hypertension, slows HR and dilates vessels

sudden direct blow to the chest during heartbeat---causes immediate cardiac arrest (VF during repolarization)?

commotio cordis

what complications are people with Down Syndrome at risk for?

luekemia, heart conditions, hearing/vision problems, seizures, and unstable atlantoxial joint

What happens with age to the diastolic BP?

decreases after 60

carry oxygen-rich blood to left atrium?

pulmonary veins

carry oxygen-poor blood from right ventricle to lungs?

pulmonary artery

open or penetrating chest wall wound through which air passes during inspiration and expiration, creating a sucking sound?

sucking chest wound

burn that is red, painful?

superficial

burn that goes into the dermis, blisters and is mottled?

partial-thickness

burn that destroys both epidermis and dermis, is charred, dry, leathery?

full-thickness

The joint formed where the mandible and cranium meet, just in front of the ear?

temporomandibular joint

trendelenburg?

abnormal gait

The inner bone of the forearm, on the side opposite the thumb?

ulna

disorganized, ineffective quivering of the ventricles, resulting in no blood flow and a state of cardiac arrest?

vfib

A rapid heart rhythm in which the electrical impulse begins in the ventricle (instead of the atrium), which may result in inadequate blood flow and eventually deteriorate into cardiac arrest?

vtac

if a pt's heart is beating too fast (100-200bpm), why would they have hypotension?

fast heart rhythm = less time to fill with blood

pain that originates from internal organs like the stomach, intestines, or bladder?

visceral pain

How do we treat snakebites?

wash, put injury below heart, no fluids

signs and symptoms of agitated/excited delirium?

diaphoresis, tachycardia, hallucinations

The buildup of excess base (lack of acids) in the body fluids?

alkalosis

cerebrovascular accident (CVA), interruption of blood flow to brain that results in loss of brain function?

stroke

inflammation of the gallbladder?

cholecystitis

inflammation of small pockets in intestine?

diverticulitis

bladder infection?

cystitis

decubitus ulcer =?

bedsores

delirium tremens (DTs)?

alcohol withdrawal