AP hug unit 6 - urban settlements

squatter settlement/slums

highly populated urban residential area consisting of densely packed housing units of weak build quality and often associated with poverty

central city

A city at the center of a metropolitan area. Ex.- Minneapolis and St. Paul.

exurb

Community located outside of a suburb in a more rural area within commuting distance to a large metropolitan area. Ex.-Carver, Northfield, Cannon Falls.

edge city

an area on the outskirts of a city with a high density of office buildings, shopping malls, hotels, etc., usually at the intersection of major highways. It has a large amount of recently developed retail and office space. Ex.- Eden Prairie, Maple Grove, St. Louis Park (where highways are located)

Metropolitan Statistical Area

Made up of 15 counties, of which 13 are in Minnesota and two are in Wisconsin. Ex.- Hennepin, Anoka, Ramsey, Dakota, Scott, etc. most of the United States and Canadian population live in.

suburb

Commercial, mixed-use, or residential areas. Ex.- Richfield, Bloomington, Crystal, Robbinsdale, etc.

Gentrification

The process whereby the character of a poor urban area is changed by wealthier people moving in, improving housing, and attracting new businesses, typically displacing current inhabitants in the process.

megacity

A city with at least 10 million inhabitants, Megacities demonstrate unplanned growth patterns and often contain squatter settlements.

Threshold

The minimum market (population or income) needed to bring about the selling of a particular good or service.

Range

The maximum distance consumers are prepared to travel to acquire goods or services.

important physical site characteristic

climate, water sources, topography, soil, vegetation, latitude, and elevation.

primate city

***a city that is the largest in its country, province, state, or region, and disproportionately larger than any others, examples include: Mexico city, Paris, Cairo, Seoul and Jakarta***

Central place theory

it states that in any given region there can only be one large central city, which is surrounded by a series of smaller cities, towns, and hamlets. spatial patterns of urban and outlying areas based on the flow of goods and services. for example, a small range would be a grocery store

Rank size rule

A principle that says that the rank of a city's population within a country will be approximately the largest city's population divided by the rank of the city in question. They have larger ranges and thresholds.

Gravity Model

a general theory in geography that can be used to quantify and predict the interaction between two cities based on population sizes, distance between the places, the number of migrants moving from one place to the other, or the flow of trade goods between the two locations

Worldcities

International company headquarters, significant global financial functions, and a polarized social structure are defining characteristics. Most are located on rivers or seacoasts. A world city status is based on economic and political factors.

world’s urban hierarchy

The top ten world cities have a significant impact on the international economy and are important drivers of globalization.

multiple-nuclei model

More than one focal point. Most applicable to the newer, fast-growing cities. The multiple-nuclei model is a US urban geography model that describes cities with more than one CBD or a single CBD and many secondary outlying business districts. The multiple-nuclei model recognizes that the automobile allowed people and jobs to move away from crowded and polluted city centers.

Central Business District (CBD)

The best-known and the most visually distinctive area of most cities is downtown.

The sector model of North American city structure

proposes that zones in a city extend outward by transportation, such as railroads and highways. Because the neighborhoods in the sector model lie along major transportation, a neighborhood could radiate outward from the city center to the farthest areas of the city.

Centric Zone

Rings. Land is less expensive in the suburbs, which is why it is possible to build single-family homes in zones 4 and 5 for middle- and high-income residents who desire suburban living. 1- CBD 2- migrants apartments 3- working men’s zone 4- better residents (upper class) 5- commuters zone

Galactic city model (peripheral)

inner city with suburban businesses with beltways. a city with growth independent of the CBD that is traditionally connected to the central city by means of an arterial highway or interstate.