Data Science 2

Dataset

A collection of data with a defined structure.

Data Point

A single instance in the dataset; each row in the table is a data point.

Attribute

A single property of the dataset; each column in the table is an attribute.

Label

The special attribute to be predicted based on all the input attributes.

Identifiers

Special attributes used for locating or providing context to individual records.

Nominal Variable

A type of measurement with no order, such as eye color or zip codes.

Ordinal Variable

A type of measurement with a defined order, such as rankings.

Integer Variable

A type of measurement typically representing counts, such as the number of orders.

Real Variable

A type of measurement that can take any value within a range, such as bank account balance.

Descriptive Methods

Methods aimed at finding patterns in data.

Predictive Methods

Methods designed to predict unknown values of variables based on past observations.

Classification

A predictive task where unseen records are assigned a class from a given set of classes.

Regression

A predictive task that estimates the value of a continuous variable based on other variables.

Clustering

A descriptive task that groups data points such that similar points are in the same group.

Association Analysis

A method that produces rules predicting the occurrence of an item based on other items.

Market Segmentation

The process of dividing a market into distinct subsets of customers for targeted marketing.

Document Clustering

Grouping documents that are similar based on terms appearing in them.

Data Preparation

The process of selecting, cleaning, constructing, integrating, and formatting data.

Modeling

The application of data science methods to create patterns or models from preprocessed data.