Lecture 8 (Nucleic Acids)

What is a Nucleic Acid? Organic or Inorganic?

Organic

What percent of the body’s mass do Nucleic Acids make up for in the human body?

2% of body’s mass, responsible for genetic code

What are the monomers of Nucleic Acids?

Nucleotides

What 3 components are Nucleotides made of?

• One or more phosphate groups

• Pentose sugar (ribose or deoxyribose)

• Nitrogen Base (adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine or uracil)

What makes a Phosphate?

1 phosphorous atom, 4 oxygen

What are Nitrogenous Bases?

Nitrogen containing molecule with a hydrocarbon ring structure

What are the two types of Nitrogenous bases?

Purines and Pyrimidines

What is a Pentose Sugar?

Carbohydrate, 5 Carbon Ring Structure

What are the 2 types of Pentose Sugars?

Deoxyribose and Ribose

What is the structure of Purines?

Double Ringed, type of Nitrogenous base

What is the structure of Pyrimidines?

Single Ringed Nitrogenous Bases

Adenine(A) and Guanine(G) are classified as what type of Nitrogenous base?

Purines

Cytosine(C), Thymine(T) and Uracil(U) are classified as what type of Nitrogenous base?

Pyrimidines

What is the Pentose Sugar bonded to in Nucleotides?

Covalently bonded to Phosphate

What is DNA? (deoxyribosenucleic acid)

Polymer of nucleotides (nucleic acid)

Blueprint to make all proteins of the human body

Through what process are Nucleic Acids formed from Nucleotides?

Dehydration synthesis

What is DNA composed of?

2 long strands of nucleotides

What structure does DNA have?

Double helix form by 2 long strands of nucleotides that twist

Where is DNA located?

Nucleus

What sugar does DNA contain?

Deoxyribose (carbon is missing an oxygen from a hydroxyl group)

What 4 Nitrogenous bases does DNA contain?

Adenine (A)

Guanine (G)

Cytosine (C)

Thymine (T)

What type of bonds between Nitrogenous Bases hold the Two strands of Nucleotides together?

Hydrogen Bonds

What kind of pairing does DNA exhibit?

Complementary base pairing

What are the rules of Complementary base pairing?

Adenine bonds Thymine

Guanine bonds Cytosine

How many Hydrogen bonds between Adenine and Thymine?

2 Hydrogen Bonds

How many hydrogen bonds between Guanine and Cytosine?

3 Hydrogen Bonds

What is Genetic Code?

Recipe in DNA for every protein in the human body

What is RNA? (ribonucleic acid)

Polymer of nucleotides (nucleic acid)