APUSH: Period 7 Chapter 20-21 Vocabulary

American Exceptionalism

The idea that the American experience was different or unique from others, and therefore America had a unique or special role in the world, such as a "city upon a hill."

Teller Amendment

This Amendment was drafter by Henry M. Teller which declared that the US had no desire for control in Cuba & pledged the US would leave the island alone.

"Remember the Maine"

A slogan of the Spanish-American war referring to the sinking of a battleship in Cuba. Stirred up by yellow journalism, this lead McKinley to declare war.

Insular Cases

Determined that inhabitants of U.S. territories had some, but not all, of the rights of U.S. citizens.

Open Door Policy

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

Panama Canal

a ship canal 40 miles long across the Isthmus of Panama built by the United States (1904-1914)

Roosevelt Corollary

Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force

Zimmermann Telegram (1917)

Telegram from the German foreign secretary to the German minister in Mexico, February 1917, instructing the minister to offer to recover Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona for Mexico if it would fight the United States to divert attention from Germany in the event that the United States joined the war.

War Industries Board

Agency established during WWI to increase efficiency & discourage waste in war-related industries.

Committee on Public Information (CPI)

government agency created during WWI to encourage Americans to support the war

Sedition Act of 1918

Wartime law that prohibited any words or behavior that might promote resistance to the United States or help in the cause of its enemies.

Great Migration

(WW) , movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920

Fourteen Points

A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.

League of Nations

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations

Treaty of Versailles

the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans

Theodore Roosevelt

1858-1919. 26th President. Increased size of Navy, "Great White Fleet". Added Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine. "Big Stick" policy. Received Nobel Peace Prize for mediation of end of Russo-Japanese war. Later arbitrated split of Morocco between Germany and France.

Herbert Hoover

(1929-1933) The New York Stock Market Crashes October 29, 1929 "Black Tuesday". The 20th Amendment is passed and added and the 21st Amendment is passed by 1933.

Alice Paul

Head of the National Woman's party that campaigned for an equal rights amendment to the Constitution. She opposed legislation protecting women workers because such laws implied women's inferiority. Most condemned her way of thinking.

Queen Liliuokalani

the Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by American business interests

Woodrow Wilson

28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize

Lusitania

A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.

Influenza of 1919

Also known as the Spanish Influenza, or the Pandemic of 1918, the Influenza was the largest and most widespread pandemics (spread especially by soldiers) in recorded history. The disease killed anywhere from 20-40 million people worldwide.

World War I (The Great War)

Called "the War to End All Wars": a global military conflict that embroiled most of the world's great powers from 1914 to 1919.

Spanish-American War (War of 1898)

War fought between the US and Spain in Cuba and the Philippines. It lasted less than 3 months and resulted in Cuba's independence as well as the US annexing Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

rationing

Restricting the amount of food and other goods people may buy during wartime to assure adequate supplies for the military

Platt Amendment

Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble

Welfare Capitalism

An approach to labor relations in which companies meet some of their workers' needs without prompting by unions, thus preventing strikes and keeping productivity high

Red Scare

fear that communists were working to destroy the American way of life

Palmer Raids

A 1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organization in 32 cities

Red Summer

summer of 1919 brought race riots, began in July when whites invaded a black section of Longview, Texas and burned shops and houses. It was a lash out against the growth of blacks in cities

Teapot Dome Scandal

A government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921

Consumer Credit

a type of credit granted by retailers that is used by individuals or families for satisfaction of their own wants

Hollywood

City in the Los Angeles area of California where, by the 1920s, nearly 90 percent of all films in the world were produced.

Flapper

carefree young women with short, "bobbed" hair, heavy makeup, and short skirts. The flapper symbolized the new "liberated" woman of the 1920s. Many people saw the bold, boyish look and shocking behavior of flappers as a sign of changing morals. Though hardly typical of American women, the flapper image reinforced the idea that women now had more freedom.

soft power

a persuasive approach to international relations, typically involving the use of economic or cultural influence.

Sheppard-Towner Fed. Maternity and Infancy Act

The first federally funded health-care legislation that provided federal funds for medical clinics, prenatal education programs, and visiting nurses.

18th Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

Volstead Act

Bill passed by Congress to enforce the language of the 18th Amendment. This bill made the manufacture and distribution of alcohol illegal within the borders of the United States.

Dollar Diplomacy

Foreign policy created under President Taft that had the U.S. exchanging financial support ($) for the right to "help" countries make decisions about trade and other commercial ventures. Basically it was exchanging money for political influence in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Prohibition

the period from 1920 to 1933 when the sale of alcoholic beverages was prohibited in the United States by a constitutional amendment

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)

an organization founded in 1920 to defend Americans' rights and freedoms as given in the Constitution

Scopes Monkey Trial

1925, the trial that pitted the teaching of Darwin's theory of evolution against teaching Bible creationism

National Origins Act

1925, the trial that pitted the teaching of Darwin's theory of evolution against teaching Bible creationism

Ku Klux Klan in the 1920's

Based on the post-Civil War terrorist organization, the Invisible Empire of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan was founded in Georgia in 1915 by William Simmons to oppose the forces changing America and to fight the growing "influence" of blacks, Jews and Catholics in US society. It experienced phenomenal growth in the 1920's, especially in the Midwest and Ohio Valley States. Its peak membership came in 1924 at three million members, but its reputation for violence led to rapid decline by 1929.

Harlem Renaissance

A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished

Jazz

a style of music characterized by the use of improvisation

Lost Generation

Group of writers in 1920s who shared the belief that they were lost in a greedy, materialistic world that lacked moral values and often choose to flee to Europe

Pan-Africanism

the principle or advocacy of the political union of all the indigenous inhabitants of Africa.

Henry Ford

1863-1947. American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents.

Louis Armstrong

Leading African American jazz musician during the Harlem Renaissance; he was a talented trumpeter whose style influenced many later musicians.

Marcus Garvey

African American leader during the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. Was deported to Jamaica in 1927.

Bolshevism

A radical ideology supported by Vladimir Lenin. Favored a closed party consisting of and run by professional revolutionaries and supported the idea of a dictatorship that would accelerate the transition to socialism. It placed an emphasis on the working class, from which it drew much of its support

Consumer Culture

a culture in which personal worth and identity reside not in the people themselves but in the products with which they surround themselves