Protein Structure and Function

What is hydroxyl’s polarity?

Polar and hydrophilic

How can hydroxyl link to other molecules?

Linkage to other molecules by condensation

What is aldehydes polarity?

Polar and reactive

What is aldehydes importance?

It serves as an intermediate in energy releasing reactions and building molecules

What is Keto’s polarity?

Polar

What makes Keto important?

Important in carbohydrates and in energy reactions

What is carboxyl polarity?

Carboxyl’s are charged and acidic

What happens to carboxyl in living tissues?

Ionizes to form to form -COO- (carboxylic ions) and H+ (Hydrogen ions)

How does carboxyl enter condensation reactions?

Enters into condensation reactions by giving up -OH.

What is the polarity of Amino?

Charged; basic

What happens to amino in living tissues?

Accepts H+ to form -NH3+

How does amino enter into condensation?

Amino enters into condensation reactions by giving up H+ to form a peptide bond.

What is the polarity of phosphate?

Charged; acidic

How does phosphate enter into condensation?

Enters into condensation reactions by giving up -OHto form phosphodiester bonds.

What happens to phosphate when it’s bonded to another phosphate?

It releases a molecule of water during the formation of a phosphoanhydride bond, becoming more negatively charged.

What is the polarity of sulfhydryl?

polar

How are disulfide bridges created?

By giving up H, two -SH groups can react to form a disulfide bridge, thus stabilizing protein structure.

What is the polarity of methyl?

Nonpolar

What is the importance of methyl?

Important in interacting with other non polar molecules and in energy transfer.

Isomers

Structural Isomers

Cis-trans isomers

Optical isomers

How can temperature affects proteins?

how can pH affect proteins?

How can polar substances affect proteins?

How can non polar substances affect proteins?

How can reducing substances affect proteins?

What happens to protein when bonded to another molecule?

What specifies proteins 3D structure and function?

Protein domain

Protein subunit

How do proteins interact with other molecules?

Primary structure

What is primary structure stabilized by?

Secondary structure

What is secondary structure stabilized by?

Tertiary structure

What is tertiary structure stabilized by?

Quarternary

What is quaternary structure stabilized by?

How and what direction are proteins synthesized?

From N terminus to C terminus with a peptide bond

What determines the 3D structure and function of a protein?

R-Groups

How do disulfide bridges form?

Two cysteine amino acids oxidize to form a covalent bond. (-SH+-SH)

Are L-amino acids or D-amino acids most commonly found in proteins?

L-amino acids

L-amino structure

D-amino structure

what happens to amino groups when ph = 7?

what happens to carboxyl groups when ph = 7

Structure of an amino acid

What monomers have covalent bonds?

Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids

What monomer has noncovalent bonds?

Lipids

What is spidroin?

The structural protein of spider silk