BIO 3

What is the function of starch in plants?

To store energy

The structural difference between saturated and unsaturated fats is:

Saturated fats have no double bonds; unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds

Carbohydrates are made up of which three elements?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

The basic structure of all sterols includes:

Four interconnected carbon rings

Phospholipids play an important role in:

Cell membranes

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in our cells?

To provide energy/fuel

Monomers are:

The individual building blocks of macromolecules

Trans fats are created through a process called:

Hydrogenation

The building blocks of nucleic acids are:

Nucleotides

When a protein is exposed to extreme conditions and loses its shape, it is said to be:

Denatured

DNA structure is described as a:

Double helix

The two types of nucleic acids are:

DNA and RNA

Chitin is found in:

The exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans

Essential amino acids are:

Amino acids we must obtain from our diet

A disaccharide is formed when:

Two monosaccharides link together

Organic molecules are defined as molecules that contain:

Carbon

Amino acids are linked together by which type of bond?

Peptide bonds

A triglyceride is composed of:

Three fatty acids and one glycerol

A substrate fits into an enzyme's:

Active site

Compared to carbohydrates, lipids have:

A higher ratio of C-H bonds

How many different amino acids are commonly used to build proteins?

20

What are the four major types of macromolecules necessary for our cells?

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

What makes one amino acid different from another?

The R group (side chain)

What element distinguishes proteins from carbohydrates and lipids?

Nitrogen

When glucose is stored in the human body, it is stored as:

Glycogen

Monosaccharides are also called:

Simple sugars

Why is cellulose important in the human diet even though humans cannot digest it?

It serves as dietary fiber that aids in digestion

The fats we are concerned about in foods are also called:

Triglycerides

Enzymes function to:

Speed up chemical reactions