Bio 193 circulatory system

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35 Terms

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Circulatory system

first evolved to transport nutrients, then as respiratory function

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“pump”

heart, bulk flow pressure that propels blood thru body

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“pipes”

artery, vein, capillary

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“fluid”

blood/true blood and lymph, which circulate nutrients and waste.

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open circulatory system

less energy required, low pressure (slow), direct diffusion on nutrients/gases into tissues

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closed circulatory system

blood confined to vessels, high pressure (fast), more energy required

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atria

the two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from the body and lungs and send to ventricles

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ventricles

the two lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out to the body and lungs.

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contraction

systole, increasing pressure

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relaxed

diastole, decreasing pressure

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atrioventricular (AV) valves

separate atrium and ventricles and prevent backflow of blood during contraction.

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semi-lunar valves

guard the outlets of the ventricles, preventing backflow of blood into the heart during diastole.

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murmur

inefficient blood flow, might go back

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serial circulation

one loop, in fish

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serial circulation: heart has ____ atrium and ventricle

one

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serial circulation: process

heart → gills (O2 exchange) → body tissues→ back to heart

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serial circulation limits

low pressure (slow blood flow) low metabolic rate

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parallel circulation

parallel heart operates as two pumps (mammals and birds)

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parallel circulation: pulmonary circuit

blood is sent to the lungs for O2 exchange

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Parallel circulation: systemic circuit

oxygenated blood is sent to the rest of the body

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parallel circulation

circuits run in parallel, so heart re pumps blood after lung exchange → high pressure

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AV valves

prevents backflow from ventricle to atrium

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pulmonary valve/aortic valve

prevent back flow from pulmonary artery to right ventricle and aortic valve to left ventricle

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artery

thick muscle, elastic walls, small lumen that carries blood away from the heart.

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thin capillaries

lots of SA, low pressure (maximize exchange of blood/interstitial fluid)

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veins

small wall, large lumen, low pressure that returns blood towards the heart.

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venous blood flow

the movement of deoxygenated blood through veins back to the heart.

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venous pressure is ___

low

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muscles contract to propel blood thru ____

large veins

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valves

ensure blood flow towards the heart

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atherosclerosis

the buildup of cholesterol plaques in the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow.

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blood composition

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.

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plasma (55%)

carries dissolved gases, nutrients, wastes

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erythrocytes (RBC)

contain hemoglobin, which carry O2 to tissues and CO2 away

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leukocytes (WBC)

involved in immune response and defense against pathogens.