Pharmacol Ch24 review

Mycoses

Fungal infections are otherwise known as ________….

False

True or false fungi are much less complex than bacteria….

Systemic or superficial

Fungal infections are classified as _________ or __________….

True

True or False, serious disease resulting from fungal infection is rare when a person has a healthy immune system...

Scalp, skin, nails, mucous membrane

Superficial mycoses typically affect the ______, ______, _______, and ______…

Topical and oral

Superficial mycoses are often treated with ______ drugs, but sometimes treated with _____ medications….

Internal organs, oral, parenteral

Systemic mycoses affect ______ and are treated with _____ or _____ drugs…

Suppressed immune system

Patients with _________ are at highest risk of systemic fungal infections…

Viruses

______ are infectious agents that require a host to replicate?…

Rhinovirus

The _______ is responsible for causing the common cold…

Viruses rapidly mutating causing drugs to become ineffective, also the intracellular nature of a virus makes it hard for it to be targeted, so a higher dose would be needed

Why is antiviral therapy challenging?…

Human immunodeficiency virus

HIV stands for…

Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome

AIDS stands for…

Antiretroviral

Drugs use in the treatment of HIV are called ______ drugs….

False no cure to date

True or false, medications used in the treatment of HIV are able to completely eliminate virus from the body and cure the infection….

True

True or false, medications used in the treatment of HIV have resulted in many patients living longer…

Opportunistic infections, cancers, very weak immune system

What is the main cause of death in a person whose HIV infection has progressed to AIDS?…

Resistant strains, 3 or 4

One of the challenges with HIV pharmacotherapy is the high incidence of _______. For this reason, treatment is aggressive and normally consists of ______ drugs at a time…

May delay acute symptoms and progression of aids but, it’s expensive, can cause bothersome and serious effects and viral resistance may occur so it’s no longer effective when the patient needs it most

What is the advantage of starting pharmacotherapy in the early or latent stages of HIV infection? What are the disadvantages?…

Entry inhibitors, reverse transcriptase inhibitors, intergrase inhibitor, protease inhibitor…

What are the 4 different classes of antiretroviral therapy….

Entry inhibitors

This antiretroviral therapy class blocks fusion of HIV to CD4 receptor…

Reverse transcriptase inhibitor

This antiretroviral therapy class inhibits the enzyme that converts viral RNA into viral DNA

Intergrase inhibitor

This antiretroviral therapy class prevents HIv from inserting it’s genes into uninfected DNA…

Protease inhibitor

This antiretroviral therapy class blocks final assembly of the HIV particle

NRTI's and one or more different agents from different classes

The combination drug treatment used in the treatment of HIV is often referred to as the “AIDS cocktail”. This type of therapy is now known as Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). These combinations of medication usually include ______+______________…

Herpes, influenza and hepatitis

Regular antiviral drugs are available and commonly used to treat ______, _______ and _______ infections…

Herpes simplex virus (HSV), cold sore, genital herpes

The ________ causes repeated blister-like lesions on the skin, genitals and other mucosal surfaces. A _________, is an example of type 1, while type 2 can be described as ______…

Acyclovir (zovirax), Valacyclovir (valtrex), famciclovir (famvir)

3 antivirals commonly prescribed for treating herpes infections include _________, _________, and __________…

Docosanol (abreva)

A topical antiviral otc medication commonly used in the treatment of cold sores is _______…

Trifluridine (viroptic)

A topical antiviral used in the treatment of herpes viral infection of the eye is ________…

2 weeks

Immunity from the annual influenza vaccine is normally achieved after approx ________ and lasts the entire flu season…

Vaccination

While antibiotic medications may be used to treat influenza in high risk unvaccinated individuals, they produce only a modest benefit, so prevention with ______ remains the best alternative..

Amantadine (symmetrel), oseltamivir (tamiflu), zanamivir (relenza)

3 medications used in the treatment and/or prevention of influenza include _________, _________ and _________….

Blood or bodily fluids

Hepatitis b is transmitted through exposure of contaminated…

Hepatic cirrhosis or cancer of liver

A small % of people infected with the Hepatitis b virus Hbv will progress to chronic Hbv that can end in….

Vaccination

Along with avoiding high risk activities that can increase the transmission of Hbv, the best treatment for Hbv is….

Engerix B or Twinrix

What is the name of the Hbv vaccination?…

Lamivudine

An antiviral medication used in the treatment of hep b is also used in the treatment of HIV. _______ (when used in treatment of hbv It is used in much flower doses.)…

Plasmodium, liver, rupture

Malaria is caused when a person is bitten by a mosquito that is infected with ______, It travels through _____ and then travels to the red blood cells where they multiply and cause the RBC to eventually ______…

1 to 2 days before, daily, 7

Malarone* (atovaquone and progurani), when used for prophylaxis of malaria must be started ________ before entering the area and should be continued _____ throughout the stay and for _______ additional days after leaving the area of concern….

A week, 1-2 weeks, 4 weeks

Another medication used in the prophylaxis of malaria is Chloroquine. This one differs from Malarone in that it is taken once _______ starting _____ prior to exposure and continued for ______ after leaving the area….

Anthelmintics

Medications used to treat worm-like parasitic infections such as pin worms is referred to as ______…

Loss of sleep, discomfort from anal itching and embrassment having worms

The usual consequences of pinworm infection include _______, _______ and ______.

Hands and under nails

The most common mode of transmission for worms is _______…

Mebendazole (vermox), pyrantel pamoate (combination)

To the medications seen in the treatment of pin worms include prescription drug _______ and the Otc schedule 2 drug _____….

2 weeks

For the two pinworm meds, one dose(s) is/are required to start and since these anthelmintics do not reliably kill pinworm eggs, it is prudent to retreat ________ later…