HLTH Midterm - Mental health, Social health, Emotional Health, Growth & Development, Gerontology, Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/AIDS, Communicable Disease and Global Health

Maslow Hierarchy of Needs

Self- actualization

Self esteem

love and belonging

safety

physiological (basic needs)

Mental Health presentation

Kylie Smith, Big theme : Depression

5 characteristics of self actualized person

• Accept themselves and others for what they are

• Unusual sense of humor

• Highly creative

• Peak experiences

• Need for privacy

• strong moral/ethical standards (Lincoln, Einstein, Jane Adams)

Growth and development Presentation

Tatum Walker , big theme : prevention methods

How much sperm is produced in a single ejactulation ?

250-300 million sperm

gerontology Presentation

Avery miller , Big theme : Social implications of gerontology

Social implications

• changes in employment and workforce demographics

• increased demand for living arrangements

• shifts intergenerational relationships

• higher demand for medical equipment

Prevention methods for Gerontology

• spreading awareness against ageism

• encourage more individuals to pursue a career within gerontology

• create programs that teach family members to care for their elders properly and effectively

What is the fastest growing age group globally?

Individuals over 80 years old

Sexually Transmitted Infections presentation

Janet Wilson

What month is STI awareness

April

Chlamydia

Discharge, in females can lead to ectopic pregnancy, can be treated

STI’s

in NYC 1 in 4+ people have herpes simplex virus

• bacterial can be cured, and viral can be treated but remain in the body

HPV, Human Papillomavirus

• genital warts, very common

• is a virus, has 100 forms of the disease out there

• can lead to sexual organ cancer

• looks like a cauliflower, protruding

Gonorrhea

• burning feeling when urinating

• bacterial, usually affects the mucous membrane ‘

• White/yellow/green discharge

Herpes Simplex Virus

• Blister or sore, has 2 types

• treatments are meds to reduce symptoms

• transmitted from infected female to male

• HSV2 is more common in women

• cause day skin to skin contact

• not part of the common STI test

Syphilis

• small ulcers called chancres

• bacterial, first treatment discovered was penicillin

• can damage nervous system/ other organs

Trichomoniasis

• Caused by parasite in STI that causes infection

• Men are carriers and asymptomatic

• Woman have symptoms of odor, color, inflammation , froth

• Treated by medicine to kill parasite that is single cell

Public Lice

• Caused by small insects

• severe itching

• medications in the form of shampoo

• can come in contact from clothing, bedding or towels

Hepatitis B

• 5 main viruses - A, B, C, D, E

• most people are asymptomatic

• can lead to liver damage

• transmitted by sexual fluids and bodily fluids (blood)

HIV and IV drug use presentation

by Riley Bazemore

HIV

• aids = acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

• attacks the body immune system

• spread through blood, sexual fluids, sperm/breast milk

• 10% of global development of IV drug use

• “prep” medication can be taken for prevention

Communicable Disease presentation

by Mac tufts

Communicable disease

spread from one person to another through a variety of ways that include contact of blood, bodily fluids, breathing in airborne virus, or being bitten by an insect

Prevention for communicable diseases

• vaccination

• frequent hand washing

• quarantine and isolation

Global Health presentation

by Jed Gonzales , big theme : pandemics

Pandemic

• continuously spreading disease within a country

• an epidemic that is crossed more than one continent

Black Death

• most fatal pandemic

Ebola

• characterized by vomiting and diarrhea

• unsanitary conditions

• spread by blood and bodily fluids

• high death rate

• symptoms and death rate 2-21 days

Spanish Flu

• H1N1 variant of influenza

Covid -19

• communicable through the majority of the fluids in the body

• no real effective treatment

Prevention methods of Pandemics

• quarantine (social distancing)

• Vaccination ( Pfizer shows 95% effectiveness)

• sanitation

• safety standard regulation ( puts responsibility to governing bodies).

Growth and development

woman have a set number of eggs and usually release one per month

Female menstrual cycle

• normally lasts 28 days ( normal range 25-36 days)

• day 14 usually when overages release an egg (ovulation) , which is when pregnancy has its highest chance of occurring

• day 12-16 are peak time for pregnancy

menstruation

shedding of the lining of the uterus (endometrium)

• starts at puberty (menarche) and stops permanently at menopause

How long is the window for an egg to be fertilized

12 hours

fraternal twins

• if more than one egg is released during fertilization by separate sperm (non-identical)

identical twins

if one egg is released and fertilized by one sperm, then the eggs slips into two

Chromosomes

A child receives 23 chromosomes from its mother and 23 from its father

Gerontology

The science of aging

3 main determinants of aging

• nutrition

• physical activity

• toxins (drugs, alcohol, tobacco, environment, ect.)

Additional determinate of aging

• stress

• inflammation

• free radicals

• genetics

Abraham Lincoln’s sentence

He preserved the union and freed the slaves

How long has HiV/AIDS been around?

early 1900s but evidence suggests possible earlier

Where did HIV/AIDS come from

chimpanzee in west africa

stigma origin for HIV/AIDS

originally it was called GRID (gay related immunodeficiency) early cases in 70s-80s showed in white gay men but later in hemophiliacs (through blood transfusions), woman’s, and all other races began thus change to AIDS

early cases in AIDs showed up in what

rare cancer called Kaposi Sarcoma

How does HIV work

HIV attacks T-cells (CD4) and weakens our immune system nd thus its ability to fight off infection

What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?

When your CD4 count reaches below 200 per micro-liter of blood, you now are categorized as having AIDS instead of HIV. (HIV treatment starts around 350 and a healthy person has around 800-1200 CD4 cells per micro-liter of blood).

What was is HIV transmitted

• blood

• sexual fluids

• mother to baby

• dirty needles

HIV & Pregnancy

with medications to lower the viral load to undetectable HIV positive woman have a 98%+ success rate at delivering HIV negative babies

U.S. statistics of HIV

-Just under 2.2 million US cases since 1981 (approximately 600,000 have died)

-1.2 million living with it today (estimated that 13% do not know they have the virus)

-Around 32,000 new cases each year

-Men having sex with men account for nearly 70% of all New HIV infections

Prevention for HIV (ABC)

• abstinence

• behavior

• condoms

global HIV

40 million worldwide are living with the virus, 25 million have died as a result of the virus

Pathogen

Disease causing organism

Bacteria

strep throat

virus

influenza

• smallest pathogen

fungi

athletes foot

Protozoa

malaria

vector

any organism, such as an insect, that transmits pathogens

Barriers to keep pathogens out

• skin

• saliva

• mucous membrane

• tears

• stomach acid

• cilia

Three ways communicable disease are spread

• direct - person to person

• indirect - person to object to person

• airborne - through the air

West nile (virus)

• spread by vector (mosquito)

• symptoms 3-14 day period after being bit

• 3-15% death rate

SARS (virus)

• spread by droplets (direct, indirect, airborne 3-5 ft away

• symptoms 2-10 days after contact

• death rate 9-12% affects people over 65 years old

Diphtheria (bacteria)

• effects the mucous membrane in the throat

• spread by droplets in the air

• contaminated personal or household items

• fatality rate 5-20%