ch 3 pt 2

vertebral

diaphram

• Controls volume of thoracic cavity for respiration and speech

• Contraction causes chest cavity to expand

What is special abt the lumbar vertebrae

• Largest and least mobile

• Thicker anteriorly

what is thorocolumbar fascia (TLF)

• Supports lumbar vertebrae posteriorly

• Thick membrane

• Limits shear force

what is the sacrum

• Forms posterior pelvic wall

• Triangular bone

• Beneath 5th lumbar vertebra

what are the foramina for the sacrum, what do they create passages for

• Openings on anterior and posterior surfaces

• Passages for spinal nerves

what is the sacral ala

• Lateral aspect of superior sacrum

• Articular surface for pelvis

what is your coccyx

• Tailbone

• Formed by 3–5 small vertebrae

atlanto occipital joint

• between the skull and vertebral column

• helps with flexion and extension of the head

atlanto axial joint

rotation of the head

• two synovial facet joints

what are the three intervertebral joints ( double check this on slide 26)

intebrody joint -1

zygapophyseal (facet) joint - 2

what ligaments are the intervertebral joints supported by

• Anterior longitudinal ligament

• Posterior longitudinal ligament

• Ligamentum flavum

• Intertransverse ligaments

• Interspinous ligaments

what are interbody joints

Formed between adjacent vertebral bodies

what is a facet joint

• synovial joint

• formed by superior and inferior facets

what are costal joints and give 3 examples

• connect ribs to skelton and sternum and thoracic vertebrae

> costal vertebral ( posterior rivs and thoracic vertebrae)

> costotransverse (vertebral body and transverse process)

> sternoclavicular (ribs and sternum)

what is the function of spinal muscles

to positon, align, and stabilize the trunk

what is co- contraction

Exerts force in different directions to stabilize

how do the posterior muscles act on the trunk/neck

extend

rotate

laterally flex

name the 7 posterior muscles

• Erector spinae group

• Transversospinalis group

• Splenii

• Suboccipitals

• Quadratus lumborum

• Intertransversarii and interspinales muscles

• Serratus posterior superior and inferior

what muscles are part of the erector spinae group and what do they do

• illiocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

• bring body back to neutral after flexing and static standing

what muscles are in the transverseospinalis group and their function

multifidi, rotatores, semispinalis capitis

connect individual vertebrae

what are the splenii muscles and what are their functions

splunuis capitus and cervicis

Contribute to rotation, lateral flexion, and extension of head and neck

subo occipitals

theyre deep neck muscles that stabilize the head and make small precise movements

» do I need to know them all?

what does the quadratus lamborum do

stabilizes the lower back

elevates pelvis

flexes trunk laterally

ex: climbing ladder

what does the intertransversarii do

• stabilize

• lateral flexion between vertebrae

(attatch through transverse process)