________, in present- day Turkey, occupied a 50- hectare (125- acre) site and apparently had a population of about 10, 000.
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Central place theory
________ was first proposed in the 1930s by German geographer Walter Christaller, based on his studies of southern Germany.
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Convenience stores
________ and fast- food restaurants appeal to nearly everyone, whereas other goods and services appeal primarily to certain consumer groups.
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New York
________ and Tokyo are the two large cities in MDCs.
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enclosure movement
The ________ brought greater agricultural efficiency, but it destroyed the self- contained world of village life.
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French law
________ required that each son inherit an equal portion of an estate, so the heirs established separate farms in each division.
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London
________ presents more plays than the rest of the United Kingdom combined, and New York has nearly more theaters than the rest of the United States combined.
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coolness index
The "________, developed by POV Magazine, combined the percentage of population in their 20s, the number of bars and other nightlife places per capita, and the number of art galleries per capita.
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Hexagons
(________ represent a compromise between circles and squares .)
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MDCs
________ have numerous small settlements with small thresholds and ranges, and far fewer large settlements with large thresholds and ranges.
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World cities
________ may be centers of national or international political power.
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Steel
________ was once the most important basic industry of Cleveland and Pittsburgh, but now health services such as hospitals and clinics and medical high- technology research are more important.
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city block
A(n) ________ or apartment building that contains 100 families will generate more customers than a house containing only one family.
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Talent
________ was measured by Florida as a combination of the percentage of people in the city with college degrees, the percentage employed as scientists or engineers, and the percentage employed as professionals or technicians.
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temporary employment
Within business services, jobs expanded most rapidly in professional services (such as engineering, management, and law), data processing, advertising, and ________ agencies.
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medical clinic
A settlement may offer a service such as a(n) ________, an advertising agency, or a film studio not found in other settlements of comparable size.
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Denmark
In ________, København (Copenhagen) is a primate city with 1 million inhabitants, whereas the second- largest urban area, Aarhus, has only 200, 000, instead of the 500, 000 that the rank- size rule predicts.
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Brian Berry
________ has documented a similar hierarchy of settlements in parts of the U.S. Midwest.
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central place
A(n) ________ is a market center for the exchange of goods and services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
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eastern Mediterranean
Settlements were first established in the ________ about 2500 B.C.
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Modern industry
________ is managed by large corporations formed to minimize the liability to any individual owner.
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Mesopotamia
Urban settlements may have originated in ________, part of the Fertile Crescent of the Middle East, and diffused at an early date to Egypt, China, and South Asia's Indus Valley.
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reserves
Mining settlements are located near ________ of coal, petroleum, and other resources.
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gravity model
The ________ predicts that the optimal location of a service is directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it.
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Geographers
________ distinguish four levels of urban settlements according to their importance in the provision of business services.
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consumer services
A settlement's economic base is important, because exporting by the basic industries brings money into the local economy, thus stimulating the provision of more nonbasic ________ for the settlement.
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global circulation of capital
Offshore centers provide two important functions in the ________:
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Muslim countries
________: Typically conform to the weekly calendar- once a week in each of six cities and no market on Friday, the Muslim day of rest.
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particular location
The range and threshold together determine whether a good or service can be profitable in a(n) ________.
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World cities
________ typically offer the most plays, concerts, operas, nightclubs, restaurants, bars, and professional sporting events.
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MDCs
________ have a higher percentage of urban residents, but LDCs have more of the very large urban settlements.
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New York
General business: Large metropolitan areas, especially Chicago, Los Angeles, ________, and San Francisco.
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consumer services
In ancient times, a handful of urban settlements provided business and public services, as well as some ________ with large market areas.
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Owning several discontinuous fields around a clustered rural settlement had several disadvantages
Farmers lost time moving between fields, villagers had to build more roads to connect the small lots, and farmers were restricted in what they could plant
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If the threshold and range justify the service, the next geographic question is
Where should the service be located within the market area to maximize profit
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Muslim countries
Typically conform to the weekly calendar-once a week in each of six cities and no market on Friday, the Muslim day of rest
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General business
Large metropolitan areas, especially Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco
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High-tech industries support services
Austin, Orlando, and Raleigh-Durham
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service
any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it
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settlement
a permanent collection of buildings where people reside, work, and obtain services
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consumer services
provide services to individual consumers who desire them and can afford to pay for them
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business services
used to facilitate other businesses
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public services
used to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses
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clustered rural settlement
a place where a number of families live in close proximity to each other, with fields surrounding the collection of houses and farm buildings
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dispersed rural settlement
typical of the North American rural landscape, is characterized by farmers living on individual farms isolated from neighbors rather than alongside other farmers in settlements
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enclosure movement
the British government transformed the rural landscape by consolidating individually owned strips of land surrounding a village into a single large farm, owned by an individual
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urbanization
the process by which the population of urban settlements grows
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central place theory
helps to explain how the most profitable location can be identified
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central place
a market center for the exchange of goods and services by people attracted from the surrounding area
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market area / hinterland
the area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted
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range
the maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service
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threshold
the minimum number of people needed to support the service
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gravity model
predicts that the optimal location of a service is directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it
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rank-size rule
the country's nth-largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement
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primate city rule
the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement
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primate city
the country's largest city
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basic industries
export primarily to consumers outside the settlement
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Nonbasic industries
enterprises whose customers live in the same community—essentially, consumer services
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economic base
a community's unique collection of basic industries
Studied by 5 people
