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Cofactor
A non-protein substance that is required by an enzyme for its activity.
Prosthetic group
Permanently bound, non-protein part of an enzyme’s structure.
Inorganic ion cofactors
Bind to the enzyme or substrate to allow the ESC to form more easily.
Example of an inorganic ion cofactor
Amylase requires chloride ions to function.
Where do inorganic ions bind to
They may bind to the active site or substrate to alter the charge distribution, or the may bind to an allosteric site on the enzyme, which alters the shape of the active site.
Coenzymes
Small, organic, non-protein molecules that bind temporarily to the active site. They take part in the reaction and are modified but are later recycled and reused.
What are a lot of coenzymes derived from
Vitamins
Example of a cofactor
vitamin B3 is used to make the coenzyme NAD which is involved in respiration.
A lack in a particular vitamin can lead to what
Deficiency disease.
Example of deficiency diseases
Lack of thiamine causes beriberi.
Lack of vitamin B3 causes pellagra.
Note
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