👶 Pediatrics, Obstetrics & Neonatal

Normal pediatric respiratory rate?

Infants: 30–60 breaths/min; Children: 20–30 breaths/min

Signs of respiratory distress in infants?

Grunting, nasal flaring, retractions

How is a child’s airway different?

Narrower, larger tongue, more prone to obstruction

Croup vs. Epiglottitis signs?

Croup: barking cough; Epiglottitis: drooling, tripod position

What does APGAR stand for?

Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration

Signs of imminent delivery?

Crowning and urge to push

PPE needed for childbirth?

Gloves, gown, mask, eye protection

Initial newborn care steps?

Warm, dry, stimulate, suction as needed

What to do for meconium-stained fluid?

Suction mouth then nose only if baby is not crying

When to start CPR on a newborn?

If heart rate is under 60 bpm after ventilation

What is eclampsia?

Pregnancy-related seizures — treat with oxygen, airway protection, ALS

Placenta previa signs?

Painless vaginal bleeding

Abruptio placentae signs?

Painful bleeding with rigid abdomen

Signs of pediatric shock?

Weak pulse, AMS, delayed cap refill

What are febrile seizures?

Seizures due to fever — common in ages 6 months to 5 years