HDE 137 - Ch 3 - Racism & Nativism in Immigration Policy

nativism, ppl considered non-White 

Intro

2 trends remained constant in country’s immigration policy 

• (1) Blank: The presumed superiority of native-born citizens, favoring the allocation of resources to them over immigrants & promoting a far of foreign cultures 

• (2) The consequences of policy being more disadvantageous to… 

naturalization act of 1790

The Racialized History of US Immigration Policy

Race & Making of US Immigration Policies: 1790-1924 

The first piece of US legislation relating to the foreign-born, stating that only free White persons who had lived in US for at least 2 yrs were eligible for citizenship; didn’t regulate entry but contained racial provision 

naturalization 

The Racialized History of US Immigration Policy

Race & Making of US Immigration Policies: 1790-1924 

The process whereby ppl become citizens of a country where they don’t have birthright citizenship 

assimilation 

The Racialized History of US Immigration Policy

Race & Making of US Immigration Policies: 1790-1924 

In this context, the process of becoming Americans for Irish, Italians, & Germans 

racialization

The Racialized History of US Immigration Policy

Race & Making of US Immigration Policies: 1790-1924 

In this context, the process of becoming White for Celts, Hebrews, & Mediterraneans 

Chinese Exclusion Act 

The Racialized History of US Immigration Policy

Race & Making of US Immigration Policies: 1790-1924 

Legislation that denied Chinese laborers entry to the US (1882) 

• Required government establish immigration controls & checks 

• Created immigration inspection force => Border Patrol 

• Created certificates of residence 

Immigration Act of 1917 

The Racialized History of US Immigration Policy

Race & Making of US Immigration Policies: 1790-1924 

Legislation expanding the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act & denying entry to the US for anyone coming from the “Asiatic Barred Zone,” which included India, Burma, Malay States, Arabia, & Afghanistan 

Immigration Act of 1924/ Johnson-Reed Act 

The Racialized History of US Immigration Policy

Race & Making of US Immigration Policies: 1790-1924 

Legislation that greatly reduced US immigration from Southern & Eastern Europe by introducing quota, o limits on the # of ppl from these countries who were allowed entry

• What other name did it go by? 

legal permanent resident 

The Racialized History of US Immigration Policy

Nativism Between 1924 & 1964 

• Between 1924-1964, the US welcomed relatively few immigrants 

  • Blank: A foreign national who is granted the right to remain in US & who will be eligible for naturalization after 3-5 years 

Bracero program 

The Racialized History of US Immigration Policy

Nativism Between 1924 & 1964 

Mass Deportation of Mexicans 

A US gov program that brought in temporary workers from Mexico between 1942 & 1964

• Was the second wave of Mexican immigrants 

operation wetback 

The Racialized History of US Immigration Policy

Nativism Between 1924 & 1964 

Mass Deportation of Mexicans 

Massive roundups of Mexicans by US border patrol from 1950-1954

1965 Immigration & Nationality Act/ Hart-Cellar Act 

The Racialized History of US Immigration Policy

The 1965 Policy & the Changing Face of Immigration

Legislation that put an end to the racially biased quotas set forth in the 1924 Oriental Exclusion Act & the Immigration Act of 1924; set universal quote of 20k immigrants for every country in world 

• What other name does it go by? 

• 2 main consequences are…

  • (1) Increased immigration from Asia, Latin America, & the Caribbean 

  • (2) Increased undocumented immigration from Mexico 

immigration reform & control act of 1986

Illegal Immigration & Policy Response

A series of immigration provisions that…

• (1) Offered a legalization option for undocumented workers living in the US and…

• (2) Imposed sanctions on employers who hired undocumented workers

stealing jobs, overusing welfare systems, unassimilable

Illegal Immigration & Policy Response

Nativism focused on 3 chains- immigrants were…

prop 87, scapegoats, poor economic conditions 

Illegal Immigration & Policy Response

This proposition racialized undocumented immigrants as Mexican who were “invading” California

• Californians & politicians used undocumented immigrants as blank by blaming them for blank 

• Set the stage for passing the AEDPA, IIRIRA, PRWORA

anti-terrorism & effective death penalty act 

Illegal Immigration & Policy Response

1996 legislation that, among other provisions, eliminated judicial review of some deportation orders & required mandatory detention for many noncitizens 

illegal immigration reform & immigrant responsibility act 

Illegal Immigration & Policy Response

1996 legislation under which legal permanent residents face mandatory deportation if they’re convicted of “aggravated felonies” 

personal responsibility & work opportunity reconciliation act

Illegal Immigration & Policy Response

1996 legislation that denied gov services & benefits to legally present migrants

judicial review, mandatory detention, secret evidence  

Illegal Immigration & Policy Response

1996 Laws & Detention 

AEDPA & IIRIRA striking cuz they…

• Eliminated blank of some deportation orders 

• Required blank for many noncitizens 

• Introduced potential use of blank in certain cases 

legal permanent residents

Illegal Immigration & Policy Response

1996 Laws & Detention 

What were the most pernicious consequences of AEDPA & IIRIRA?

• Deportation of…

African, Latin American

Illegal Immigration & Policy Response

1996 Laws & Detention 

Immigrants of blank and blank descent (men) are more likely to be jailed & eventually deported

DREAM act 

Illegal Immigration & Policy Response

A plan that would allow undocumented youth who finish HS in US to apply for legislation & a path to citizenship 

• Still hasn’t made it through congress 

DACA

Illegal Immigration & Policy Response

An act passed by President Obama that protects youth from deportation for 2 years

non-English languages, affirmative action programs, public resources 

Nativism in the 21st Century 

3 factors distinguish racialized nativism today from that of a century ago… 

• (1) Rise of extreme antipathy toward blank

• (2) Concern that immigrants are taking advantage of blank (designed to help native-born minorities) 

• Worry that immigrants are draining blank