Maternity (last info before test 1)

Menarche

what is the name for the first menstruation

11-12

what is the average age for a girl to get their first menstruation

Days 1-5/6

when and how long does the menstrual cycle last?

estrogen, progesterone

what are the two things that drop triggering the menstrual cycle to begin

6/7-14

When and how long does the proliferative phase

proliferative phase

when does the endometrium start thickening d/t estrogen to prepare for implantation

15-26/28

how long and when does the secretory phase

Ovulation

when does the secretory phase begin?

7-10 days

how long does it take for implantation to occur after the secretory phase occurs

progesterone

the secretory phase is primarily driven by what hormone?

Follicular phase

which part of the ovarian cycle occurs from day 1-14

Ovulation

what is time period of the ovarian cycle that is the most fertile period of the cycle

Luteal

which phase of the ovarian cycle occurs from day 15-28

Corpus albicans

if the corpus luteum does not become fertilized what is the name it is given

HCG

what is the hormone that maintains the corpus luteum and progesterone until the placenta takes over?

LH

what is the hormone that if the ovum is fertilized will help form the corpus luteum

Oocyte

what is a developing egg that grows to maturity in the egg contained within the follicle

Ovum

what is a mature egg cell released from the ovaries

14th day

the LH is known for causing ovulation but at what point during the menstrual cycle is there a large surge

Spinnbarkeit Mucous

what is the substance on an egg that indicates high estrogen levels and allows for sperm penetration

LH, sodium retention

when estrogen is secreted from the developing follicle what are the two things that are increased?

Corpus luteum

what is progesterone secreted by after ovulation

Growth promoting

there is a nickname for estrogen that somewhat details the purpose of estrogen in the development of the egg what is that nickname?

Growth Maintenance

Progesterone also has a nickname for how it helps develop the egg what is that nickname?

2-3 months

how long is progesterone secreted by the corpus luteum before the placenta takes over the job

Increase Temp, breast sensitivity, heightened senses, bloating

what are 4 common symptoms of ovulation that can occur

Mittelschmerz

what is the term that means mid cycle abdominal pain

Spotting

what is mid-cycle vaginal bleeding called?

appropriate for flow

what is the thing that Dr. Haire said 400 times when talking about getting the right tampon size?

Vitamin B6 and E, Calcium, Exercise, heat, massage

what are six things that can be done to alleviate discomfort?

bloating, pain, swelling

what are the three things that Vitamin B6 can alleviate?

bloating, pain/swelling, cravings

what are the four things that Vitamin E can alleviate

relaxes smooth muscles

what is the main reason that we would give calcium to help alleviate discomfort

increased salt

what is something that we should avoid that will help alleviate discomfort

Heavy Menstrual bleeding

what is an abnormally long duraiton or heavy flow of menses

Intermenstrual bleeding

what is bleeding between cycles called?

Amenorrhea

what is an absence of menses called?

3 months

how long should menses be absent before they are considered to have amenorrhea

never began

how is primary amenorrhea described?

was present, but stopped

how is secondary amenorrhea described?

Oligomenorrhea

what is light flow or infrequent cycle for >35-40 days

Polymenorrhea

what is it called when there is too frequent menses

how is polymenorrhea classified in relation to the period of time between cycles

Dysmenorrhea

what is painful menstruation called?

Primary

what is the type of dysmenorrhea that is described as:

-pain for no other reason

-d/t excess prostaglandin activity

-ovulation and degeneration of corpus luteum

Secondary

what is the type of dysmenorrhea that is described as:

-pain caused by conditions such as endometriosis, fibroids, PID

NSAIDS, Oral contraceptives

what are the two treatments for primary dysmenorrhea

decreasing progesterone levels

what is premenstrual syndrome d/t

methylxanthines, salt, sugar

what are the three things that should be decreased to help treat PMS

meals, protein, complex carbs, Vit B, Mag, Zinc

what are the six things that should be increased to help treat PMS

Pre-menstrual dysmorphic Disorder

what is the disorder where the female has severe depression, irritability, or anxiety to where they cannot function

Fever, rash, hypotension, dizziness, N/V, decreased LOC, disorientation

what are seven common S/S of Toxic shock syndrome

IV Fluids, Vasopressors, Dialysis, Antibiotics

what are four treatments for toxic Shock Syndrome

graafian follicle

one developing follicle always turns into what right before ovulation?

Theca Interna

which layer of the follicle is describd as:

-secretes estrogen

-Rich blood supply

-inner vascular layer

Theca Externa

which layer of the follicle is described as:

-providing structural support

-develops into the corpus luteum

-secretes progesterone

-collagen fibers

-smooth muscles

24-36 hours

how long does an Ova live for?

23

how many chromosomes are there during haploid meiosis

46 chromosomes

how many chromosomes are there during fertilization

Corona Radiata

what is the outer layer of raggedy cells called?

Zona Pellucida

what is the inner layer of the ova that is clear and tough

Provide nutrients

what is the job of the corona radiata

blocks multiple sperm, protects oocyte

what are the two main jobs of the zona pellucida

48-72 hours

how long do spermatozoan live for?

first 24 hours

when is sperm most fertile

5 minutes-72 hours

how long can it take for sperm to reach the fallopian tube

distal end of fallopian tube/ampulla

where does fertilziation usually occur

Acrosomal reaction

what is it called when the enzyme breaks down the outer cell wall of the ova to allow sperm to penetrate the layers

Cortical Reaction

what is it called when the eggs release cortical granules to also stop other sperm from coming in

Zygotic stage

what is the name of the stage week 1 after fertilization

Zygotic Stage

what is the name of the stage after fertilization where the egg and sperm have combined to form a complete set of DNA

Morula

what is an immature blastocyst that is just a mass of cells called?

Trophoblast

what is the outer layer of the blastocyst that becomes the fetal part of the placenta?

Chorion

what is the membrane that surrounds the fetus in correlation with the amnion

provides blood/gas, gets rid of wastes

what is the purpose of the chorion

Placenta

what is the fetal organ that helps keep baby alive and healthy during pregnancy

chorion, amnion, umbilical cord, parenchyma

what are the four things that make up the placenta

Chorionic Villi

what are finger-like projections in the placenta that implant into the endometrium

placenta previa

what is the problem that could occur if the fertilized blastocyst implants too low on the uterine wall

Placenta previa

what is it called when the placenta is covering the entire cervix

Decidua Basalis

what is the area that forms the maternal part of the placenta

Decidua Capsularis

what is the thin layer of the endometrium that covers the embryo

Decidua Vera

what is part of the endometrium that provides structural support as well as hormonal hormonal signaling

endometrium

where does the maternal placenta come from?