(Liberti) Chapter 6.1-6.2 Quiz

mRNA

messenger RNA, carries the message from the DNA instructing the ribosome which sequence of amino acids to bond together

tRNA

transfer RNA, brings amino acids to the ribosome

rRNA

ribosomal RNA, part of RNA structure

Transcription

the creation of mRNA using DNA as a template

RNA polymerase

the enzyme that transcribes RNA from DNA

template strand

the strand of DNA that is transcribed, the “pattern

non template strand

the strand of DNA that is not transcribed

RNA splicing

the remove introns and join exons to create mature mRNA molecules

introns

he sections of mRNA molecule removed by RNA processing; do not contain useable code

exons

the remaining sections of mRNA reconnected by processing; contain the instructions for the protein

Poly-A Tail

repeating section of adenine molecules attached to the 3’

end of the mRNA molecule during processing

Translation

the use of mRNA sequence to generate a protein

codons

a series of three bases on the mRNA molecule complementary to the anti-codon on the tRNA molecule (Brenner & Crick)

anti-codons

a series of three bases on the tRNA molecule

complementary to the codon on the mRNA molecule

genetic code

Information for traits contained in the nucleotide

sequence of DNA

Pyrimidine

a one-ring nitrogenous base

• Has one carbon ring

• Cytosine and thymine

Purine

a two-ring nitrogenous base

• Has two carbon rings

• Adenine and guanine

complementary base pairing

a DNA strand which is able to bond to another strand according to the base-pairing rule

A=T

C=G

cell cycle

sequence of cell growth and division that occurs in a cell

between the beginning of one cell division and the beginning of the next cell division

DNA replication

the process by which the DNA code is copied exactly

semi-conservative replication

process of DNA replication that produces one original strand and one newly created strand

Helicase Enzymes

unwind and uncoil the DNA strands

replication forks

sites along DNA where separation and replication occur

Primase

enzyme that makes an RNA primer during DNA replication

• Attach to first exposed bases and lay short sections of RNA

DNA polymerase

the enzymes which bond nucleotides together in DNA replication

Okazaki fragments

a series of short segments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication

Ligase

enzyme that binds segments of the new DNA strand together

Histone

a small protein that associates with DNA to form a nucleosome

nucleosome

unit of histone proteins and its attached section of DNA

Locus

the location of a gene on a certain chromosome