(Liberti) Chapter 6.1-6.2 Quiz

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mRNA

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Algebra

9th

30 Terms

1

mRNA

messenger RNA, carries the message from the DNA instructing the ribosome which sequence of amino acids to bond together

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2

tRNA

transfer RNA, brings amino acids to the ribosome

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3

rRNA

ribosomal RNA, part of RNA structure

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4

Transcription

the creation of mRNA using DNA as a template

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5

RNA polymerase

the enzyme that transcribes RNA from DNA

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6

template strand

the strand of DNA that is transcribed, the “pattern

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7

non template strand

the strand of DNA that is not transcribed

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8

RNA splicing

the remove introns and join exons to create mature mRNA molecules

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9

introns

he sections of mRNA molecule removed by RNA processing; do not contain useable code

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10

exons

the remaining sections of mRNA reconnected by processing; contain the instructions for the protein

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11

Poly-A Tail

repeating section of adenine molecules attached to the 3’

end of the mRNA molecule during processing

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12

Translation

the use of mRNA sequence to generate a protein

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13

codons

a series of three bases on the mRNA molecule complementary to the anti-codon on the tRNA molecule (Brenner & Crick)

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14

anti-codons

a series of three bases on the tRNA molecule

complementary to the codon on the mRNA molecule

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15

genetic code

Information for traits contained in the nucleotide

sequence of DNA

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16

Pyrimidine

a one-ring nitrogenous base

• Has one carbon ring

• Cytosine and thymine

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17

Purine

a two-ring nitrogenous base

• Has two carbon rings

• Adenine and guanine

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18

complementary base pairing

a DNA strand which is able to bond to another strand according to the base-pairing rule

A=T

C=G

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19

cell cycle

sequence of cell growth and division that occurs in a cell

between the beginning of one cell division and the beginning of the next cell division

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20

DNA replication

the process by which the DNA code is copied exactly

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21

semi-conservative replication

process of DNA replication that produces one original strand and one newly created strand

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22

Helicase Enzymes

unwind and uncoil the DNA strands

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23

replication forks

sites along DNA where separation and replication occur

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24

Primase

enzyme that makes an RNA primer during DNA replication

• Attach to first exposed bases and lay short sections of RNA

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25

DNA polymerase

the enzymes which bond nucleotides together in DNA replication

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26

Okazaki fragments

a series of short segments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication

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27

Ligase

enzyme that binds segments of the new DNA strand together

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28

Histone

a small protein that associates with DNA to form a nucleosome

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29

nucleosome

unit of histone proteins and its attached section of DNA

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30

Locus

the location of a gene on a certain chromosome

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