Intracranial Dynamics and ICP Management

Flashcards covering key concepts related to Intracranial Dynamics and ICP management.

What are the three components of intracranial dynamics and their normal percentages?

Brain 80%, CSF 10%, Blood 10%

What is the normal Intracranial Pressure (ICP) range?

5 to 15 mmHg

How is Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF) auto-regulated?

Cerebral blood vessels dilate or constrict to maintain CBF.

What happens during acidosis concerning cerebral blood flow?

Vasodilation occurs.

What is the normal range for Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP)?

70 to 100 mmHg

What ICP level necessitates treatment?

20 mmHg

What is the primary goal in managing ICP?

Maintain CPP.

What is a craniotomy?

Opening the skull surgically to gain access to intracranial structures.

What is the purpose of a craniectomy?

To cut the skull and create a flap.

What medications are typically administered pre-operatively for ICP management?

Anti-epileptics (like Keppra and Dilantin), steroids (like Decadron), and antibiotics.

When should post-operative neuro assessments occur?

Every 15 minutes to every hour.

What position should a patient be in after a supratentorial surgery?

On back or unaffected side with one pillow or HOB elevated 30°.

What should be monitored to prevent infection post-surgery?

Temperature and WBC count.

What is the 'Halo sign' indicative of?

A sudden discharge of fluid from the cranial incision or nose, suggesting a CSF leak.

What therapeutic target temperature is recommended for controlling metabolic demand after an anoxic brain injury?

32-35°C.

What is the most widely used osmotic agent for reducing cerebral edema?

Mannitol.

What defines diabetes insipidus in the context of increased ICP?

Insufficient ADH causing polyuria and resulting hypotension.

What is SIADH?

Excessive ADH leading to water retention and hyponatremia.