M03- chp. 5 questions

When did the first eukaryotic cells on earth appear?

Multiple choice question.

* 2 million years ago
* Just over 2,000 years ago
* 2 billion years ago

2 billion years ago

Biologists believe that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotes through which process?

Multiple choice question.

* Endosymbiosis
* Endocytosis
* Parasitism

Endosymbiosis

The cell type that is believed to be the precursor to all three domains is referred to as the last common 

ancestor

Which evidence supports the endosymbiont theory that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotes?

Multiple choice question.

* Mitochondrial DNA


* Nuclear DNA


* Cell wall structure

Mitochondrial DNA

A group of tissues that work together is called an ________.

Multiple choice question.

* organism
* organ
* organelle

organ

True or false: Eukaryotic life began on Earth about 200 million (200,000,000) years ago.

False

Which of the following organisms are eukaryotic?

Multiple select question.

* Archaea
* Bacteria
* Fungi
* Helminths
* Protozoa
* Algae

Fungi

Helminths

Protozoa

Algae

_____ is the term used to describe the origin of some eukaryotic organelles.

endosymbiosis

On this image of a cell, the letter indicating the site of energy generation is ______.

D

The last common ancestor refers to a cell type that gave rise to ______.

Multiple choice question.

* both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
* bacteria and archaea but not eukaryotes
* archaea and viruses
* eukaryotes and archaea but not bacteria

both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

This image of a cell can be identified as photosynthetic on the basis of the presence of the structure marked by the letter ______.

A

The ribosomes in ATP-producing organelles called ______  are clearly bacterial in nature, providing evidence in support of endosymbiosis.

mitochondria

Which eukaryotic structures are NOT present in prokaryotic cells?

Multiple select question.

* Ribosomes
* Nucleus
* Plasma membrane
* Mitochondrion
* Golgi apparatus
* DNA

Nucleus

Mitochondrion

Golgi apparatus

A(n) _____ is defined as a group of tissues.

organ

True or false: All eukaryotic organisms are microscopic.

False

On this image of a cell, the letter indicating the site where proteins are modified and sent to their final destinations is ______.

B

On this image of a cell, the nucleolus can be found in the region labeled by the letter ______.

C

In a eukaryotic cell propelled by a flagellum, the flagellum moves ______.

Multiple choice question.

* back and forth
* in a helical motion
* in a circular motion

back and forth

Which components would be found in a eukaryotic cell but not in a prokaryotic cell?

Multiple select question.

* endoplasmic reticulum
* mitochondrion
* ribosomes
* DNA
* nucleus
* cell membrane

endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondrion

nucleus

Which two of these terms are better applied to eukaryotic flagella than to bacterial flagella?

Multiple select question.

* Used for attachment to substrates
* Structurally complex
* Contains microtubules
* Thinner by a factor of 10
* Does not involve the cell membrane

Structurally complex

Contains microtubules

True or false: Cilia can be found in both protozoa and bacteria.

False

On this image of a cell, the letter indicating the site of energy generation is ______.

D

True or false: Many eukaryotic cells have a glycocalyx.

True

Of the eukaryotic subcellular structures listed below, which is the most external?

Multiple choice question.

* Glycocalyx
* Mitochondria
* Cell membrane
* Golgi

Glycocalyx

The structures illustrated here by the arrow represent _____ in a cross-section of a flagellum.

Multiple choice question.

* flagellin protein
* intermediate filaments
* microtubules
* glycocalyx

microtubules

Which is NOT a function of the eukaryotic glycocalyx?

Multiple choice question.

* Motility
* Adherence
* Protection

Motility

The _____ flagellum is a long sheathed cylinder containing regularly spaced microtubules.

Multiple choice question.

* bacterial
* archaeal
* eukaryotic

eukaryotic

Which of the following are considered to have relatively thick cell walls?

Multiple select question.

* Animals
* Fungi
* Protozoans
* Algae

Fungi

Algae

Which of the following best describes the function of cilia and flagella?

Multiple choice question.

* Meiosis
* Cellular division
* Cell to cell communication
* Motility

Motility

Which of the following structures is principally composed of phospholipids?

Multiple choice question.

* Cell membrane
* Cytoskeleton
* DNA
* Ribosomes

Cell membrane

Which of the following compounds give rigidity (stability) to cell membranes?

Multiple choice question.

* Glycoproteins
* Phospholipids
* Porins
* Sterols

Sterols

Unlike most bacteria, the cell membranes of eukaryotes contain _____ that stabilize the bilayer.

sterols

Identify various functions of the glycocalyx in eukaryotic cells.

Multiple select question.

* Adherence
* Protection
* Cell division
* Energy production (electron transport system)
* Motility

Adherence

Protection

The cell membrane acts as a selectively ______ barrier between the cytoplasm and external cellular environment.

permeable

The cell membrane is a _____ bilayer with embedded proteins.

phospholipid

Which defines an intracellular, membrane-bound component of a eukaryotic cell?

Multiple choice question.

* Tissue
* Organelle
* Organ

Organelle

What is the main function of membrane sterols?

Multiple choice question.

* Act as molecular carriers
* Provide stability to the membrane
* Serve as membrane receptors

Provide stability to the membrane

The cell membranes of eukaryotes contain ______ that stabilize the bilayer.

Multiple choice question.

* proteins
* sterols
* phospholipids
* sugars

sterols

Roughly 60-80% of a eukaryotic cell's total volume is made up of the various membrane-bound ______ found within the cytoplasm of this cell type.

organelles

The eukaryotic cell membrane acts as ______.

Multiple choice question.

* the location of photosynthesis
* a selectively permeable barrier
* the location for ribosomes to bind for protein synthesis
* an energy generator for the electron transport system

a selectively permeable barrier

True or false: Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.

True

Which of the following structures separates DNA from the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells?

Multiple choice question.

* Histones
* Nucleolus
* Nuclear envelope
* Cell membrane
* Ribosomes

Nuclear envelope

The nucleolus is found within the _____  of a eukaryotic cell.

Nucleus

Why does the nucleolus stain more intensely than surrounding cellular content?

Multiple choice question.

* RNA within the nucleolus absorbs dye
* DNA within the nucleolus absorbs dye
* Proteins absorb dye

RNA within the nucleolus absorbs dye

Which percentage of a eukaryotic cell's total volume is made up of organelles?

Multiple choice question.

* 30% to 40%
* 10% to 15%
* 60% to 80%
* 45% to 50%

60% to 80%

The _____ is the small part of the nucleus where ribosomal subunit formation takes place.

nucleolus

The key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is the presence or absence of a(n) ______ and other membrane-bound organelles.

nucleus

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Multiple choice question.

* Protein synthesis
* Transcription of RNA
* Ribosomal subunit synthesis

Ribosomal subunit synthesis

The nucleolus contains a large amount of_____, making it stain more intensely than surrounding structures in the nucleus.

RNA

Chromosomes in eukaryotic cells are made up of ______.

Multiple choice question.

* chromatin
* ribosomes
* cristae
* karyotypes

chromatin

Which biomolecules are found in chromatin?

Multiple select question.

* Carbohydrate
* Phospholipid
* Protein
* Nucleic acid

Protein

Nucleic acid

A dense region found within the nucleus where ribosomal subunits are synthesized is called the ______.

nucleolus

In a eukaryotic chromosome, which type of protein is bound to the DNA?

Multiple choice question.

* histone
* nucleolar
* actin

histone

___ is the type of eukaryotic cell division that preserves the chromosome number.

mitosis

_____ are large, condensed units within the nucleus that contain the genetic information of eukaryotic cells.

chromosomes

Gametes, or sex cells, are produced by the type of cell division known as ____

meiosis

Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of dark fibers known as 

chromatin

The ________  is a membrane-bound series of tubules that function in transport and storage.

endoplasmic reticulum

T/F: Chromatin is comprised predominantly of protein and RNA macromolecules.

False

Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of long, linear DNA molecules bound to ______ proteins.

histone

The cellular process in which the chromosomes of a eukaryotic cell are separated equally into daughter cells is called ______.

Multiple choice question.

* binary fission
* mitosis
* meiosis

mitosis

Which term refers to the open spaces formed within the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Multiple choice question.

* Vesicles
* Cavitations
* Cristae
* Cisternae

Cisternae

Which of the following is used to describe the type of endoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomes associated with its membrane?

Multiple choice question.

* Ridged
* Smooth
* Rough
* Rippled

Rough

The cellular process in which diploid cells divide into haploid cells (sex cells) is called ______.

Multiple choice question.

* budding
* mitosis
* meiosis
* binary fission

meiosis

The endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane-bound series of sacs and tubules that function in ___ production and  __ storage

protein ; lipid

The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) produces Blank______ while the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) synthesizes Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

* lipids; proteins
* carbohydrates; lipids
* lipids; carbohydrates
* proteins; lipids

proteins; lipids

In this image of ribosomes synthesizing protein, which letter indicates the cistern of the RER?

A

Identify the functions of the Golgi Apparatus

protein modifications; secretion

In this image of ribosomes synthesizing protein, which letter indicates the RER membrane?

B

Which structures are formed by the Golgi apparatus to transport products to lysosomes or the cell membrane for release through exocytosis?

Multiple choice question.

* Secretory vesicles
* Inclusion vesicles
* Transitional vesicles
* Condensing vesicles

Condensing vesicles

Where would a protein typically be synthesized if it was destined to leave the cell?

Multiple choice question.

* Golgi
* RER
* Mitochondrion
* SER

RER

From which organelle do lysosomes originate?

Multiple choice question.

* Golgi apparatus
* Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
* Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Membrane-bound packets that carry protein from the ER to the Golgi apparatus are called _____ vesicles.

transitional

Membrane-bound packets that carry modified proteins and pinch off from the Golgi apparatus are called ______  vesicles.

condensing

Place the following locations for protein exocytosis in order, placing the location for the first step at the top of the list.

\
Nucleus (mRNA synthesis)

Golgi Apparatus

Cell Membrane

RER (Protein synthesis)

1. Nucleus (mRNA synthesis)
2. RER (protein synthesis)
3. Golgi apparatus
4. Cell membrane

Which of the following is a membrane-bound organelle that contains digestive enzymes?

Multiple choice question.

* Ribosome
* Peroxisome
* Chloroplast
* Lysosome

Lysosome

Lysosomes are produced by

golgi apparatus

A membrane-bound _____ is a vesicle that may contain many different types of solid or liquid particles.

vacuole

Which type of vesicles bud from the endoplasmic reticulum and fuse with the forming face of the Golgi apparatus?

Multiple choice question.

* Secretory
* Transitional
* Condensing
* Reticulating

Transitional

Which of the following organelles is immediately involved in phagocytic function by white blood cells?

Multiple choice question.

* Golgi complex
* Lysosome
* Endospore

lysosome

Which term listed below is used to describe the many different types membrane-bound sacs containing fluids or solid particles found within cells?

Multiple choice question.

* Peroxisomes
* Vacuoles
* Lysosomes
* Phagosomes

Vacuoles

Membrane-bound packets that carry protein from the ER to the Golgi apparatus are called _____ vesicles.

transport

Which structure helps regulate osmotic pressure in protozoan cells which live in hypotonic environments?

Multiple choice question.

* Contractile vacuole
* Mitochondrion
* Lysosome
* Phagosome
* Peroxisome

Contractile vacuole

The _______ is an organelle which merges with a vacuole to allow digestion of engulfed structures from phagocytosis.

lysosome

A phagosome is the fusion of ______.

Multiple choice question.

* the nucleus and a lysosome
* a food vacuole and the nucleus
* a lysosome and a food vacuole
* a food vacuole and the Golgi apparatus

a lysosome and a food vacuole

Which is NOT a function of a vacuole?

Multiple choice question.

* Glycogen storage
* Water removal
* Digestion
* Lipid synthesis

Lipid synthesis

Which of the following organelles has both an inner and an outer membrane?

Multiple choice question.

* Golgi
* Mitochondrion
* Endoplasmic reticulum
* Lysosome

Mitochondrion

The ______ vacuole helps regulate osmotic pressure by expelling excess water that has diffused into a protozoan cell.

Multiple choice question.

* lysosomal
* ribosome
* peroxide
* contractile

contractile

\
Order the steps in phagocytosis, putting the first step at the top of the list.

* Merger of lysosome and phagosome
* Formation of food vacuole
* Digestion
* Engulfment of food

1. Engulfment of food
2. Formation of food vacuole
3. Merger of lysosome and phagosome
4. Digestion

What name is given to the tubular, finger-like internal membrane structures of the mitochondrion?

Multiple choice question.

* Outer membrane
* Microtubules
* Cristae
* Matrix

Cristae

The name for the folded membrane within the mitochondrion indicated by the arrow is a(n) 

cristae

What is the principal function of mitochondria?

Multiple choice question.

* Motility
* Secretion
* Protein synthesis
* DNA synthesis
* ATP production

ATP production

Which region of the mitochondrion contains fluid, ribosomes and is the location for the metabolic cycle?

Multiple choice question.

* Matrix
* Ribosome
* Outer membrane
* Cristae

Matrix

Often called the "powerhouse" of cells, the ______ is the organelle where ATP is synthesized for cellular energy use.

mitochondria

Mitochondrial DNA is ______.

Multiple choice question.

* circular
* linear

circular