Ideal Gas Laws and Applications

This flashcard set covers key vocabulary related to the ideal gas laws and their applications in gas behavior, mixtures, and calculations.

Ideal Gas Law

The equation PV = nRT which relates pressure, volume, number of moles, and temperature of an ideal gas.

R (Proportionality Constant)

A constant used in the ideal gas law, which is approximately 0.082057 L·atm/(K·mol) when using pressure in atmospheres.

Boyle's Law

States that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume when temperature and moles are constant (PV = constant).

Charles's Law

States that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in Kelvin when pressure and moles are constant (V/T = constant).

Avogadro's Law

States that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles when temperature and pressure are constant (V/n = constant).

Density of Gas

The mass per unit volume of a gas, often derived from the ideal gas law.

Partial Pressure

The pressure exerted by a single component of a mixture of gases.

Mole Fraction

The ratio of the moles of a specific component to the total moles of the mixture.

Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)

Standard conditions of 0 degrees Celsius (273.15 K) and 1 atmosphere pressure.

Converting Temperature to Kelvin

To convert Celsius to Kelvin, add 273.15 to the Celsius temperature.

Gas Mixture

A combination of two or more gases where each gas exerts its own partial pressure.

Mass Percent

The mass of a component divided by the total mass of the mixture, expressed as a percentage.

Ideal Gas

A hypothetical gas that perfectly follows the gas laws under all conditions.

Collecting Gas Over Water

A method where the gas collected is saturated with water vapor, which must be accounted for when calculating pressure.

Stoichiometric Ratio

The ratio of moles of reactants and products as indicated by the balanced chemical equation.

Molar Mass

The mass of one mole of a substance, usually expressed in grams per mole.