APUSH Progressive Era

Page Act

The Page Act of 1875 was the first restrictive U.S. federal immigration law, targeting Asian migration by banning forced laborers and women ‘imported for the purposes of prostitution.’

Chinese Exclusion Act

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was a landmark immigration law that banned Chinese laborers from immigrating to the United States and limited the rights of those already there.

What were the characteristics of the Gilded Age?

The Gilded Age was marked by rapid industrialization, mass immigration, political corruption, and extreme economic inequality.

Progressive Era vs Gilded Age

The Progressive Era focused on reforming the issues of the Gilded Age by addressing corruption, regulating industry, and expanding democracy.

Who were Muckrakers?

Muckrakers were journalists and writers in the Progressive Era who exposed corruption and social issues, leading to public demands for reform.

Upton Sinclair

Upton Sinclair was a muckraker whose work 'The Jungle' exposed harsh conditions in the meatpacking industry, leading to consumer protection laws.

Living Wage

A 'Living Wage' refers to the minimum income necessary for a worker to meet basic needs, participate fully in society, and support a family.

What does Fordism refer to?

Fordism is a system of mass production and consumption based on mechanized production methods introduced by Henry Ford.

What are 'Scabs'?

'Scabs' are workers who take the jobs of laborers who are on strike, often deepening conflicts within the labor movement.

Scientific Management

Scientific Management, developed by Frederick W. Taylor, emphasized analyzing and optimizing production processes to increase industrial efficiency.

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

The AFL was a labor organization founded in 1886 representing skilled workers and focused on practical economic goals.

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

The IWW, founded in 1905, aimed to unite all workers into one union and employed radical tactics to challenge the capitalist system.

What was the Bread and Roses Strike?

The Bread and Roses Strike of 1912 was a labor action led by immigrant workers demanding better pay and working conditions in Lawrence, Massachusetts.

Pullman Strike

The Pullman Strike of 1894 was a nationwide railroad strike that highlighted tensions between labor and management, leading to federal intervention.

Homestead Strike

The Homestead Strike of 1892 was a violent conflict at a steel plant that resulted from wage cuts and attempts to break the union.

Eugene Debs

Eugene V. Debs was a prominent labor leader and socialist who advocated for workers' rights and social reform.

Socialism in the Gilded Age

Socialism during this era advocated for collective ownership and government control of resources to address economic inequality.

Ludlow Massacre

The Ludlow Massacre of 1914 was a violent confrontation between coal miners and the Colorado National Guard, leading to multiple deaths.

Feminism in the Progressive Era

Feminism during the Progressive Era focused on women's rights, including suffrage, education, and labor protections.

What was the significance of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire?

The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire of 1911 highlighted unsafe working conditions, leading to reforms in labor laws and workplace safety.

Progressivism

Progressivism was a reform movement aiming to address the issues caused by industrialization, promoting social justice and government intervention.

What is Nativism?

Nativism was a movement aimed at protecting the interests of native-born Americans against immigrants, often leading to restrictive immigration laws.

What is Populism?

Populism was a political movement by farmers and laborers that sought to challenge the economic power of industrialists and banks.

Theodore Roosevelt and the Northern Securities Case

President Theodore Roosevelt used the Sherman Antitrust Act to sue the Northern Securities Company, a railroad monopoly, leading to its dissolution in 1904.

William Howard Taft and Standard Oil

Under President William Howard Taft's administration in 1911, the Supreme Court used the Sherman Antitrust Act to break up the Standard Oil trust into 34 smaller companies.