Social Studies - 9/19 Quiz

9th Grade

Primary Source

the original documents offer the freshness that comes from direct personal observation but lack the benefit that only comes from hindsight

Archeologist

person who finds/studies artifact

Anthropologist

studies religion, language, food, music, sports, education, culture, etc.

Secondary Source

works of synthesis, analysis, and interpretation based on primary sources as well as the work of other authors

Historical Context

cause of an historical event

Point of View

authors opinion or view of an subject/main idea

Bias

a point of view based on pre-existing beliefs, bias is a form of prejudice or opinion

Reliability

the degree to which a source can be trusted

Audience

the individual or group for whom the source was created

Purpose

refers to the reason a record, document, or source was created 

Geographic Context

where a historical development took place and why it happened  

there

Chronological Reasoning

recognizing the order of events and why they occurred in the 

order they did 

Multiple Perspectives

two or more points of view

Corroborate

to confirm or give support to evidence, must be able to be backed up by another source

Polytheistic

belief in many gods

Middle East

the countries of northern Africa and southwestern Asia that are on or near the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea, containing Egypt and Sumer

Fertile Cresent

a crescent-shaped region in Western Asia. Formed by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and the Mediterranean Sea, this region had some of the world's earliest civilizations

Arid

having little or no rain; too dry or barren to support vegetation

Alphabet

a set of all the letters in a written language, originally created by the Phoenicians 

Mediterranean sea

a large, almost entirely enclosed body of saltwater, used by the Phoenicians and later ancient Greeks

Annual flooding

often flooding every year

Hieroglyphics

ancient Egyptian text

Papyrus

the writing material the ancient egyptians wrote on 

Rosetta stone

tool used to translate hieroglyphics 

Mummification

drying and preserving a body to prevent decay, used in ancient Egypt for the afterlife

Book of the Dead

mummification and other medical discoveries by the egyptians 

Indecipherable writing

writing that can’t be decoded, from ancient time

Agricultural surplus

extra food

Abraham

father of the Israelites people, god promised him a great nation 

Covenant

God pledged to make Abraham a great nation, bless him, give him land, and bless all the nations of the earth through his descendants

Monotheism

belief in one god

Nile

a long river flowing throughout Africa that was vital to the development of Ancient Egypt 

Torah

most sacred Jewish books, contains religion, law and history of the early Jewish people 

Sahara Desert

bordered ancient Egypt, one of the largest deserts in the world 

Irrigation

man made application of water to land and crops to supplement rainfall

Priest King

a ruler that holds both spiritual (religion) power and political (government) power

Terrace Farming

agricultural practice where flat platforms are carved into hillsides or mountains to create level areas for growing crops, managing water runoff

Ziggurat

temple used by a priest/king to worship many gods (sumerian) 

Pharaoh

the rulers of ancient Egypt

Cuneiform

wedge shaped language written in clay (sumerian) 

Epic of Gilgamesh

one of the earliest surviving works of literature

Tigris Euphrates

two major rivers that formed the fertile region of Mesopotamia where some of the earliest civilizations developed 

Loesses

very fertile soil which was great for agriculture, the Yellow River (Huang He) from ancient China produced this, helping the civilization to survive 

Monsoons

seasonal winds that bring flooding and drought (India) 

“Carriers of Civilization”

the things that spread culture, ideas, and achievements from one civilization to others

Well Planned Cities

cities that were carefully designed with organized streets, buildings, and systems

Ideographs

symbols or characters that stand for ideas or concepts instead of sounds or specific words

Middle Kingdom

China believed they were the superior kingdom and called themselves the “Middle Kingdom”

Isolation

when a civilization or group of people is separated from others

Ethnocentrism

believing your own culture, group, or way of life is better than others and judging other cultures by your own standards

Kingdom of Israel

 an ancient kingdom established by the Israelites after the Exodus and settlement in Canaan, known for being the homeland of the Jewish people and the center of early Judaism.

City States

a small, independent state that consists of a city and the surrounding land it controls, with its own government, laws, and army

Shang Dynasty

the first historically confirmed dynasty in ancient China that ruled along the Yellow River