HHP 223 - Chapter 9

Blood pressure

• 120/80

• Left side has more pressure that the right side

• Hypertensive, hypotension

• Sphygmomanometer

• Positioning - don’t get in front of your patient

• Kartoff sounds

Kartoff sounds

1 - systolic - contracting

5 - diastolic - relaxing

• even numbers

Hypertensive

High blood pressure

Hypotensive

Low blood pressure

Trauma

Anything that can cause this, anything that’s not the norm

Load

External force causing internal reactions

Stiffness

Body not adapting

Stress

Internal resistance to load, good and bad

Strain

Internal change in tissue resulting in deformation

• MUSCLE

• heals faster due to red blood cells

• 3 grades

Sprain

LIGAMENT

• 1°, 2°, 3°

• Collagen

RR

Red zone

• 100% red blood cells

RW

Red white zone

• 50% red blood cells

WW

White white zone

• 0% red blood cells

Yield point

Where failure happens, where tissue cannot take anymore

Tension

Force that pulls and stretches

Traumatic

Just happened, direct blow

Shearing

Not good, moves across the parallel

Overuse

Do something too much, repetitive

Cardiac muscle

Heart

Smooth muscle

Intestines

Striated

Skeletal

Epimysium (muscling)

Top, outer

Perimysium (muscling)

In between, inner

Endomysium (muscling)

Inner most layer, within

Fasicicles

Bundles of muscle fibers

Myofibrils

Muscle fibers

Sliding filament theory

Brain tells muscles what to do

Prime mover

• agonist

• Concentric

Secondary mover

Assist muscle

Opposes mover

• antagonist

• Eccentric

Shorten muscle

concentric

Lengthen muscle

Eccentric

Excursion

How far can I concentric and eccentric

• range of motion, depends on ability to move joints

Voluntary muscle contraction

Have to think about it, telling your body what to do

Involuntary muscle contraction

Not thinking about it

Muscle cramping

Involuntary skeletal muscle contraction

• Lack of sodium

Muscle guarding

Involuntary muscle contraction in response to pain following injury

• Holding injury close to body, limping

Muscle spasm

A reflex reaction caused by trauma

• Clonic and tonic

Tonic muscle spasms

Rigid contraction

Clonic muscle spas

Pulsing

Muscle soreness

• Lactic acid

• Acute – immediately after exercise

• DOMS – occurs 24 to 48 hours following activity

Tendon injuries

Wavy parallel and collagenous fibers organized in bundles

• Breaking point occur 6-8% of increased length

• Crepitus – Chrondomalacia – joint mice

Crepitus – Chrondomalacia – joint mice

Abnormal softening of tissue

“Itis”

Inflammation

“Osis” “pathy”

Abnormal

Antrophy

Without enlargement, wasting away due to immobilization or inactivity

Contracture

Abnormal shortening of muscle

Trigger point

Pressure point

Myofascia

Covers the whole muscle

Contusion

Result of sudden and blow a body

• looks like a bruise

Myostis ossification

Something in the muscle ossified (hardened), muscle leaks out calcium (CA+)