Pediatrics

give the gestational and integrated time frame for the following reflex: rooting

28 weeks G/ 3 months I

give the gestational and integrated time frame for the following reflex: suck-swallow

28 weeks G/ 2-5 months I

give the gestational and integrated time frame for the following reflex: traction

28 weeks G/ 2-5 months I

give the gestational and integrated time frame for the following reflex: moro

28 weeks G/ 4-6 months I

give the gestational and integrated time frame for the following reflex: plantar grasp

28 weeks G/ 9 months I

give the gestational and integrated time frame for the following reflex: galant

32 weeks G/ 2 months I

give the gestational and integrated time frame for the following reflex: ATNR

37 weeks G/ 4-6 months I

give the gestational and integrated time frame for the following reflex: palmar grasp

37 weeks G/ 4-6 months I

give the gestational and integrated time frame for the following reflex: TLR

37 weeks G/ 6 months I

give the onset and integration time for the following reflex: landau

3-4 months/ 12-24 months I

give the onset and integration time for the following reflex: STNR

4-6 months/ 8-12 months I

give the onset and integration time for the following reflex: neck righting

4-6 months/ 5 years I

give the onset and integration time for the following reflex: body righting

4-6 months/ 5 years I

explain how to elicit and what the body does for the following reflex: rooting

stroke the corner of the mouth; movement of the tongue towards stimulus

explain how to elicit and what the body does for the following reflex: suck-swallow

infant head in midline - place finger inside mouth; sucking response - rhythmical

explain how to elicit and what the body does for the following reflex: moro

drop head backward; arm extension/abduction, then arm flexion/adduction

explain how to elicit and what the body does for the following reflex: galant

hold infant suspended in prone - tap supine cephalocaudal; lateral trunk flexion to side of stimulation

explain how to elicit and what the body does for the following reflex: ATNR

rotate head; flexion of UE and LE on opposite side of face

explain how to elicit and what the body does for the following reflex: palmar grasp

finger in infant’s palm; finger flexion

explain how to elicit and what the body does for the following reflex: TLR (supine)

infant in supine; extensor tone

explain how to elicit and what the body does for the following reflex: TLR (prone)

infant in prone; flexor tone

explain how to elicit and what the body does for the following reflex: landau

hold infant suspended in prone; head, trunk, extremities extend

explain how to elicit and what the body does for the following reflex: STNR

in crawling position, extend infant’s head; flexion of hips/knees

how does the following reflex prepare the body for functional activities: rooting

location of feeding source

how does the following reflex prepare the body for functional activities: suck-swallow

sucking of liquids

how does the following reflex prepare the body for functional activities: moro

protective development of extensor tone

how does the following reflex prepare the body for functional activities: galant

stabilization of trunk

how does the following reflex prepare the body for functional activities: ATNR

attention to UE; reduces rolling

how does the following reflex prepare the body for functional activities: palmar grasp

prep for grasp

how does the following reflex prepare the body for functional activities: TLR supine

full body extensor tone- body takes posture of head

how does the following reflex prepare the body for functional activities: TLR prone

full body flexor tone - body takes posture of head

how does the following reflex prepare the body for functional activities: landau

extension manages flexor tone

how does the following reflex prepare the body for functional activities: STNR

prepares for crawling

2 month milestone

can hold head up; turn head towards sound

4 month milestone

holds head up steady; pushes up to elbows; brings hand to mouth; reaches for toy; tracks with eyes; smiles spontaneously

6 month milestone

rolls over, pass hand to hand; thing to mouth, sits with support, support weight on legs

9 month milestone

get into sitting from lying, sit without support, pushup in prone, crawls, pull to stand, stand holding on, tracks falling/moving objects, pinch

12 month milestone

can take a few steps unsupported, walks well steadying self on environment, puts obejcts into container, releases objects without help

18 month milestone

walks alone, rarely falls, uses cup/spoon

2 year milestone

climb up/down furniture, up/down stairs holding on, stand tiptoe, begin to run, kick a ball

3 year milestone

climbs well, up/down stairs one foot at a time, runs easily, pedal tricycle

4 year milestone

hops/stand on 1 foot for 2 sec, catches a bounced ball most of the time, pours liquid with SPV

5 year milestone

uses toilet IND

lifts head

1 month

rolls over

2-3 months

sits with support

4 months

sits IND

5 months

stands with support

7 months

crawls

9 months

stands alone well

11 months

walks with help

12 months

walks IND

13-14 months

walks up steps

16-17 months

jumps in place

23-24 months

walks down stairs, alternating feet

3 years

kicks a ball

3 years

hops on one foot

3- 3.5 years

jumps forward, plays catch

4 years

starts, stops when running, hops easily, able to do a ring toss

5 years

brings hands to midline; grasps rattle

2-3 months

thumb opposition

7 months

inferior pincer grasp; may start finger feeding

8 months

pincer grasp

9 months

drops and throws things

10 months

holds crayon with immature grasp

11 months

builds a tower with 2 cubes

14-15 months

proficient in spoon feeding

15-18 months

holds a cup; drinks without spilling; laces large beads

24 months

begins to use a fork, pours milk, turns pages in a book

30-36 months

copies a circle

33 months

draws a square, completes simple puzzles

36 months

draws a person, folds paper, uses scissors, manipulates art materials; begins to show hand preference

5 years

sucking pattern dominates

0-4 months

munching pattern; takes pureed food from a spoon

4-5 months

increased jaw stability and tongue control

6 months

diagonal jaw movement

7-8 months

drinks from a cup without spilling; uses more lip movement

9 months

well-graded bites on soft items

12 months

well-coordinated rotary chew

18 months

drinks from a cup efficiently; able to eat most meals and raw vegetables

24 months

expresses discomfort when diaper is wet or dirty

1-2 years

assists with dressing; pulls off shoes and socks

1-2 years

able to doff coat after fasteners have been unfastened

2-3 years

able to button large buttons

2-3 years

able to don a pullover shirt with little assist

3-4 years

can manage snaps, large buttons, and hooks

3-4 years

can unzip zipper completely

3-4 years

able to determine the front and back of clothing

4-5 years

list the 4 phases of swallowing

oral prep —> oral —> pharyngeal —> esophageal

phasic bite and release

5 months

up/down tongue movements

6 months

diagonal chewing with jaw

7-8 months

lateral tongue movements

8-9 months

jaw and tongue are disassociated

8-12 months

rotary chewing (diagonal jaw movements with lateral tongue movements)

12 months

dips spoon in food and completes spoon to mouth pattern but spills food off spoon

12-14 months

scoops food and completes spoon to mouth pattern

15-18 months

eats raw fruits, cooked meats, with lips easily closed during swallowing

18 months

masters spoon feeding, child uses and orients spoon with reduced spillage

18-24 months

eats many table foods, though chokeable foods should be used with caution or avoided

24 months