Maternal-Newborn & Pediatric HESI/NCLEX Study Review

Vocabulary flashcards generated from maternal-newborn and pediatric NCLEX/HESI lecture notes covering antepartum, labor, postpartum, newborn, pediatric, calculation, and prioritization topics.

Naegele's Rule

A formula used to calculate the estimated date of delivery: subtract $3$ months from the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP), add $7$ days, and adjust the year as needed.

20-Week Ultrasound

A midpregnancy ultrasound using sound waves (rather than ionizing radiation) to evaluate fetal growth, fetal anatomy, placental location, amniotic fluid, and fetal number.

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Severe vomiting during pregnancy that leads to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, ketonuria, and weight loss.

Iron-Rich Foods

Dietary sources including meat, beans/legumes, fortified cereals, and dark green leafy vegetables; non-heme iron absorption is improved when consumed with Vitamin C.

Preeclampsia Priority Assessment

Clinical evaluation monitoring blood pressure, headache, visual disturbances, RUQ/epigastric pain, neurologic symptoms, proteinuria, lab abnormalities, and fetal status, prioritizing maternal stabilization and seizure prevention in severe disease.

First Stage of Labor

The labor stage beginning from the onset of true labor contractions and ending with complete cervical dilation ($10\text{ cm}$).

Second Stage of Labor

The labor stage spanning from complete cervical dilation ($10\text{ cm}$) through active pushing to the birth of the baby.

Third Stage of Labor

The labor stage spanning from the birth of the baby to the delivery of the placenta.

Fourth Stage of Labor

The immediate recovery period following the delivery of the placenta.

Rupture of Membranes

The rupture of the amniotic sac requiring immediate assessment of fetal heart rate (due to risk of cord prolapse or compression), as well as time, color, and fluid characteristics.

Umbilical Cord Prolapse

An obstetric emergency where the priority is to relieve pressure on the cord and preserve fetal oxygenation, utilizing manual elevation of the presenting part and positioning.

VEAL CHOP

A memory tool for fetal heart rates: Variable decelerations = Cord compression; Early decelerations = Head compression; Accelerations = Okay; Late decelerations = Placental insufficiency.

Expected Fetal Heart Rate

The normal baseline fetal heart rate range between $110\text{ bpm}$ and $160\text{ bpm}$.

Early Decelerations

Fetal heart rate decelerations that are usually associated with fetal head compression.

Variable Decelerations

Fetal heart rate decelerations associated with umbilical cord compression, which may be helped by maternal repositioning.

Late Decelerations

Fetal heart rate decelerations associated with uteroplacental insufficiency that require prompt interventions to improve maternal-fetal oxygenation and perfusion.

The 4 Ts of Postpartum Hemorrhage

The major causes of postpartum hemorrhage: Tone (uterine atony), Trauma (lacerations/hematoma), Tissue (retained placental tissue), and Thrombin (coagulation problems).

Boggy Uterus

An uncontracted, soft uterus indicating inadequate uterine tone; immediate intervention is fundal massage followed by assessment of bleeding.

Oxytocin (Postpartum)

A medication that promotes uterine contraction, thereby improving uterine tone and decreasing postpartum bleeding.

Lochia

Postpartum vaginal discharge that progresses from Rubra (red/bloody), to Serosa (pinkish/brownish), to Alba (lighter/whitish-yellow).

Mastitis

An infection/inflammation of the breast tissue characterized by localized breast pain, erythema/warmth, fever, and flu-like symptoms.

Rh Immune Globulin

A preventive treatment given to Rh-negative patients to prevent Rh sensitization; it does not reverse established sensitization.

APGAR Score

An assessment of newborn condition evaluating Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration at $1\text{ min}$ and $5\text{ min}$ post-birth, scored $0$, $1$, or $2$ per category up to a maximum score of $10$.

Newborn Respiratory Distress Findings

Abnormal respiratory findings in a newborn that include persistent grunting, significant retractions, nasal flaring, or cyanosis.

Erythromycin Ophthalmic Ointment

Prophylactic eye ointment administered to newborns to reduce the risk of serious neonatal eye infections from susceptible organisms encountered during birth.

Positive Coombs Test

A positive direct antiglobulin test indicating antibodies attached to the infant's red blood cells, raising concern for hemolysis and hyperbilirubinemia.

Meconium

The newborn's first stool.

Industry vs. Inferiority

Erikson's developmental stage for school-age children, who benefit from activities involving rules, skills, projects, games, crafts, achievement, and peer interaction.

Basic Dosage Formula

The formula used to calculate medication dosages: $\frac{\text{Desired}}{\text{Have}} \times \text{Quantity} = \text{Amount to administer}$.

Weight-Based Dosage Calculation

Calculations using weight conversion ($1\text{ kg} = 2.2\text{ lb}$) and the dosage equation $\text{Dose} = \text{mg/kg} \times \text{kg}$.

Safe-Dose Questions Steps

A 5-step process: 1) Convert weight to kg, 2) Calculate minimum safe dose, 3) Calculate maximum safe dose, 4) Determine if prescribed dose is in range, 5) Calculate volume/tablets.

Priority Framework

A clinical prioritization strategy using ABCs first, then unstable before stable, acute before chronic, unexpected before expected, actual problem before potential problem, and immediate safety threats before routine care.