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activation energy
minimum energy required for a process or reaction to occur
substrate
molecule acted upon by an enzyme
hydrolysis
a chemical reaction in which water is used to break down a compound; this is achieved by breaking a covalent bond in the compound by inserting a water molecule across the bond
active site
area of the enzyme that binds to a substrate
inhibitor (chemical)
a substance that slows down or prevents a particular chemical reaction or other process or which reduces the activity of a particular reactant, catalyst, or enzyme
denatured
destroying the characteristic properties of a protein or other biological macromolecule by heat, acidity, or other effects that disrupt its molecular conformation
ATP
carries energy within cells (adenosine triphosphate)
plant pigments
molecules that absorb light at different wavelengths and give plants their characteristic colors
enzyme-catalyzed reaction
chemical reaction that is sped up by an enzyme
trophic levels
food chain of an ecosystem
null hypothesis
a statement that proposes that there is no relationship between two or more variables
byproduct (chemical)
a secondary product derived from a production process, manufacturing process or chemical reaction
metabolic process
chemical reactions that take place in the body to convert nutrients into energy
concentration gradient
when a solute is more concentrated in one area than another
negative control in experiments
a group that does not receive any treatment and should not show any change during the experiment
allosteric site
a site that allows molecules to either activate or inhibit (or turn off) enzyme activity
Note 
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