TEAS EXAM (science)

In the human body, which of the following body parts are in a superior position to the lungs? (Select all that apply)

a. stomach

b. trachea

c. spleen

d. heart

e. brain

trachea, brain

In two to three sentences, describe the part of the arm that is most distal to the shoulder of the human body.

The thumb is the furthest away from the shoulder, and distal is defined as being farthest away

Which terms add clarity to anatomical position relative to the coronal plane?

a. “superior” and “inferior”

b. “distal” and “proximal”

c. “anterior” and “posterior”

d. “lateral” and “medial”

“anterior” and “posterior”

Which two terms are likely to appear in the same discussion related to a part of the body?

a. “dorsal” and “lumbar”

b. “umbilical” and “crural”

c. “dorsal” and “orbital”

d. “lumbar” and “patellar”

dorsal and lumbar

Which of the statements below is/are accurate? (Select all that apply)

a. the axillary region is superior to the cephalic region

b. the oral, nasal, buccal, and ocular regions are all anterior to the occipital region

c. digital phalangeal structures may be pedal or manual

d. the axillary, brachial, antecubital, antebrachial, popliteal, and sural subregions are all associated with the upper limbs

• the oral, nasal, buccal, and ocular regions are all anterior to the occipital region

• digital phalangeal structures may be pedal or manual

Which of the following structures changes the volume of the lungs?

a. alveoli

b. heart

c. trachea

d. diaphragm

diaphragm

Which of the following statements best explains how the structure of alveoli relates to its function?

a. Alveoli are large to maximize gas exchange

b. the walls of the alveoli are thin to increase the rate of diffusion

c. the walls of the alveoli are thick to prevent pressure buildup

d. alveoli are small to increase the transportation of cells

the walls of the alveoli are thin to increase the rate of diffusion.

Which of the following statements best describes the primary function of the respiratory system?

a. it transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to cells all over the body

b. it involves the inhalation and exhalation of gases into the environment

c. it exchanges gases between the blood and the air in an environment

d. it maintains proper blood level pH

it exchanges gases between the blood and the air in the environment

which of the following correctly describes the makeup of the lungs?

a. right lung, three lobes; left lung, two lobes

b. right lung, two lobes; left lung, two lobes

c. right lung, two lobes; left lung, three lobes

d. right lung, three lobes; left lung, three lobes

right lung, three lobes; left lung, two lungs

In two to three sentences, describe what will occur in the blood if the tidal volume in the lung increases.

Increasing the tidal volume will increase the diffusion of carbon dioxide out of the bloodstream. Oxygen will increase in the bloodstream.

which of the following blood components is responsible for transporting oxygen?

a. red blood cells

b. plasma

c. dissolved gas

d. leukocytes

red blood cells

Which of the following chambers pumps blood toward the lungs?

a. left atrium

b. right atrium

c. left ventricle

d. right ventricle

right ventricle

Which of the following lists the primary parts of the heart?

a. blood cells

b. muscle tissue split into two chambers

c. muscle tissue split into four chambers

d. four ventricles

muscle tissue split into four chambers

Which of the following statements best describes the function of veins?

a. veins carry deoxygenated blood

b. veins carry oxygenated blood

c. veins carry blood back to the heart

d. veins carry blood away from the heart

veins carry blood back to the heart

In 2-3 sentences, describe two chambers of the heart that have thicker walls. Why would these chambers be thicker?

The right and left ventricles have thicker walls than the 2 atria. Thicker muscular walls are needed to generate the pressure to pump blood out of the heart to the pulmonary systemic circuits

anatomical position

The standard position of the body is standing, feet together, arms at the sides, and palms of hands forward

Coronal/Frontal plane divisons

front and back

transverse/cross-sectional plane divisions

top and bottom

sagittal/median plane divisions

left and right

main function of respiratory system

perform the critical tasks involved in transporting oxygen from the atmosphere into the body’s blood and removing CO2 from the bodys cells

breathing

brings oxygen into lungs

ventilation

exchanging oxygen with carbon dioxide in the lungs

function of cardiovascular system

responsible for movement of blood around the body (nutrient distribution and waste removal)

alveoli

tiny air sacs in the lungs where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs

trachea

the windpipe, which connects the larynx to the lungs

bronchi

the main passageways directly attached to the lungs

bronchioles

small passages in the lungs that connect bronchi to alveoli

capillaries

small vessels that connect smaller arteries (arterioles )to smaller veins (venules) and carry out gas exchange

diffusion

the passive movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

passive transport

movement across a cell membrane that does not require energy input

tidal volume

the amount of air breathed in a normal inhalation or exhalation

asthma

a lung disease characterized by by inflamed, narrowed airways

arteries

vessels that carry blood away from the heart toward other body parts

veins

vessels that carry blood toward the heart from other body parts

hormone

a chemical messenger produced by a gland and transported by the bloodstream that regulate specific processes in the body

systole

portion of cardiac cycle in which the heart expels blood

plasma

clear pale yellow component of blood thta carroes red blood cells, white blood cells, and plateltes thro

hemoglobin

protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body

buffer

a solution of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. Maintain proper pH of body

lymphocyte

a catergory of ehite blood cells that includes natural killer cells, B-cells, T-cells,

lymph

clear fluid that moves throughout the lymphatic system to fight disease

macrophage

a large white blood cell that ingests foreign material

leukocyte

white blood cells, which protect the body against disease

peristalsis

a series of muscle contractions that move food through the dige

in which of the following organs does digetsion begin?

a. mouth

b. stomach

c. small intestine

d. pancreas

mouth

in which of the following organs does the breakdown of proteins begin?

a. mouth

b. stomach

c. small intestine

d. pancreas

stomach

which of the following structures absorbs nutrients in the small intestine?

a. mucus

b. microvilli

c. enzymes

d. hormones

microvilli

which of the following statements best describes peristalsis?

a. the partly digested food moving from the stomach to the small intestine

b. the mechanical breakdown of food entering the stomach

c. muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract

d. chemical digestion of food with the help of enzymes

muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract

In a well-structured paragraph, describe the mechanical and chemical digestion of carbohydrates.

Starch begins to break down in the mouth. Chewing breaks down the food fragments into smaller pieces. Amylase chemically speeds up the process of starches breaking down into smaller molecules. Muscle contractions in the stomach break down food particles into chyme. Then in the small intestines, more enzymes released by the pancreas break down the starches into simple sugars

large intestine

comprised of the cecum, colon, rectum and anal canal; where vitamins and water are absorbed before feces is stored prior to elimination

enzyme

a substance produced by a living thing that acts as a catalyst. A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy; in cells, most enzymes are proteins

lipase

pancreatic enzyme that breaks down fat

lipids

fatty acids and their derivatives that are insoluble in water

bolus

a mass of food that has been chewed and swallowed

chyme

the semifluid mass of partly digested food that moves from the stomach to the small intestine

pepsin

a stomach enzyme that breaks down proteins

small intestine

the part of the GI tract between the stomach and large intestine that includes the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, where digestion and absorption of food occurs

insulin

a hormone that triggers the influx of glucose into cells, thus lowering blood glucose levels

glucagon

a hormone secreted by the pancreas that stimulates its target cells in the liver to convert hepatic glycogen stores into glucose and release that glucose into the blood

nerve

a long bundle of neuronal axons that transmits signals to and from the CNS

Which of the following actions are controlled by voluntary nerve signals? (Select all that apply)

a. walking

b. digestion

c. talking

d. heart beating

e. breathing

walking and talking

which of the following best describes the function of a nerve synapse?

a. it carries nerve impulses away from the nerve body

b. it is responsible for involuntary muscle movement

c. it allows for the passing of signals between neurons and other neurons or between neurons and muscles

d. it contains bundle of fibers that transmit electrical impulses

it allows for the passing of signals between neurons and other neurons or between neurons and muscles

which of the following describes the role of the CNS?

a. it transmits electrical signals to muscles

b. it transmits sensory information

c. it controls the regulation of body systems

d. it sends messages from the body to spinal cord

It controls the regulation of body systems

which of the following types of nerves sends messages to the brain?
a. skeletal

b. smooth

c. sensory

d. motor

sensory

Describe the differenced between the PNS and CNS

The CNS is comprised of the brain and spinal cord. It controls the regulation of the body's systems. The PNS is made up of all the neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body. It is responsible for sending messages to brain or from the brain to designated targets

axon

a nerve fiber that carries a nerve impulse away from the neuron cell body

dendrite

a nerve fiber that carries a nerve impulse towards the neuron cell body

synapse

the structure that allows neurons to pass signals to other neurons, muscles or glands

ANS

part of PNS that regulates unconscious body functions such as breathing and heart rate

SNS (somatic)

part of PNS that controls conscious skeletal muscle function

left atrium

accepts blood from lungs

right atrium

accepts blood from body

left ventricle

pumps blood → body

which of the following are thick filaments in a muscle cell?

a. actin

b. myosin

c. myofibrils

d. sarcomere

myosin

which of the following best describes the role of tendons?

a. they connect muscle to bone

b. the connect bone to bone

c. they connect tendons to muscles

d. they connect cartilage to bone

they connect muscle to bone

which of the following types of muscle tissue is voluntary?

a. skeletal

b. smooth

c. cardiac

d. nervous

skeletal

which types of the following muscles are located at the shoulder?

a. deltoids

b. trapezius

c. pectorals

d. abdominals

deltoids

If a person puts his hand on a hot stove but quickly removes it, describe in three to five sentences the pathways of the signal and response through the nervous system.

muscles are connected to nerve fibers. the hot stove is felt → message sent ot brain → nervous system sends message bvacxk to muscles → rece[tors os muscle of hand/arm receive sign

tendons

tough connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

collagen

primary structural protein of connective tissue

sarcomere

contracting unit of muscle

every muscle fiber is connected to a what?

nerve fiber

which of the following organs produce female gametes?

a. ovary

b. testes

c. prostate

d. uterus

ovary

which is the location where fertilization typically takes place?

a. vagina

b. penis

c. vas deferens

d. fallopian tubes

fallopian tubes

which of the following best describes one function of estrogen?

a. production of sperm cells

b. maturation of eggs

c. implantation

d. fertilization

fertilization

Which of the following results is from the production of luteinizing hormone (LH) in males? (select all that apply)

a. heart growth

b. sperm production

c. testosterone production

d. facial hair growth

sperm/ testosterone production & sperm growth

in 3-5 sentences, describe how the production of male and female gametes differ.

male gametes or sperm are produced by the testes whereas female gametes or eggs are produced by the ovaries. sperm are constantly produced, but eggs are developed and matured cyclically. eggs are typically released one at a time, but many sperm can be released at once during ejaculation

which of the following is the layer of skin that forms a protective, waterproof barrier?

a. dermis

b. sudoriferous

c. sebaceous

d. epidermis

epidermis

which of the following best describes the function of melanocytes?

a. secretion of substances like minerals and alcohol

b. production of melanin

c. absorption of vitamin D

d. sensing the environment

production of melanin

which of the following layers of the skin contains hair follicles?

a. dermis

b. sudoriferous

c. sebaceous

d. epidermis

dermis

which of the following layers of the skin contains a layer of dead skin cells?

a. dermis

b. hypodermis

c. sudoriferous

d. epidermis

epidermis

in 2 -3 sentences, describe how the integumentary system reacts to a rise in body temp

the integumentary system uses homeostatic strategies to cool it off. sweat is secreted by the sweat glands. As the water in sweat evaporates, the skin is cooled. BV also dilate and move closer to the skin surface to try and cool it

sperm

male gametes

penis

organ for elimination of urine and sperm

vas deferens

the duct in which sperm moves from testicle to urethra

urethra

the duct that delivers urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

prostate

the gland in males that controls the release of urine and secretes portions of semen that enhance the motility and fertility of sperm

testes

organs that produce sperm

scrotum

the pouch of skin that contains the testicles

ova (eggs)

female gametes