U.S. Presidency: Powers, Roles, and Checks & Balances

What are expressed powers exclusive to the President?

Commander in Chief and the power to grant pardons for federal crimes.

What powers does the President share with the Senate?

The appointment power, where the President nominates federal judges, high-ranking executive officials, and ambassadors, which must be confirmed by the Senate.

What are the expressed powers shared with Congress?

The President must approve new laws (signature required), can veto bills, and Congress can override a veto with a 2/3 vote of both houses.

What are executive orders?

Ordinance powers used to manage the federal government, which must be constitutional and can only be issued in areas where the President has authority.

What is the informal power of persuasion for the President?

The ability to persuade Congress and the American people through negotiation, speeches, and media to support policy priorities.

What is the mandate claim in the context of the presidency?

A presidential claim to have a command from citizens to carry out programs based on electoral votes.

What is the role of the President as Chief Executive?

The President leads the executive department and ensures laws are enforced.

What does the President do as head of state?

Negotiates between different parts of government and represents the nation physically.

What is the President's role as Commander in Chief?

In charge of the military and can send troops for 60 days without congressional approval.

What is the President's role in foreign policy?

Sets the tone for relationships with other governments and can declare war.

What is the Chief Citizen role of the President?

The President comforts the nation in times of crisis.

What are some limits on the powers of the President?

Senate approval for appointments, Congress's ability to pass laws limiting presidential powers, and only Congress can declare war.

What does the War Powers Act (1973) state?

Restricts the President's authority to send troops into conflict without congressional approval for more than 60 days.

What does the 25th Amendment clarify?

Presidential succession and procedures for appointing a new Vice President if there is a vacancy.

How is the Electoral College structured?

Electors are chosen from each state, totaling 2 Senators plus the number of Representatives, requiring 270 electoral votes to win.

What is the impeachment process?

Starts in the House of Representatives with a statement of charges, followed by a vote for trial, and then formal consideration in the Senate.

What charges can lead to impeachment?

Treason, bribery, and high crimes and misdemeanors.

What is required for the House of Representatives to impeach?

A simple majority (51%) vote.

What is required for the Senate to convict during an impeachment trial?

A 2/3 majority (67%) vote.